Specification and Development of Interactive Systems

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Systems.- 1.2 Specifications.- 1.3 Refinement.- 1.4 Application Domains.- 1.5 Development Process and Methodology.- 1.6 Rationale of Focus.- 1.7 Overview of the Book.- 1.8 How the Book Should Be Read.- 2. A Guided Tour.- 2.1 Plan for the Tour.- 2.2 Station 1: Unbounded Buffer.- 2.3 Station 2: Unbounded Lossy Buffer.- 2.4 Station 3: Driver.- 2.5 Station 4: Composite Specifications.- 2.6 Station 5: Time-Sensitive Buffer.- 2.7 Station 6: Timed Lossy Buffer.- 2.8 Station 7: Timed Driver.- 2.9 Station 8: Timed Composite Specification.- 3. Basics.- 3.1 Sets.- 3.2 Tuples.- 3.3 Functions.- 3.4 Types.- 3.5 Logic.- 4. Streams.- 4.1 Formal Definition of Streams.- 4.2 Basic Operators on Streams.- 4.3 Additional Operators on Streams.- 4.4 Formal Definition of Timed Streams.- 4.5 Operators on Timed Streams.- 5. Specifications.- 5.1 Classification of Specifications.- 5.2 Elementary Specifications.- 5.3 Composite Specifications.- 5.4 Black-Box and Glass-Box Views.- 5.5 Parameterized Specifications.- 5.6 Sheafs and Replications.- 6. Examples.- 6.1 Alternating Bit Protocol.- 6.2 Steam Boiler.- 6.3 Memory Components.- 7. Properties of Specifications.- 7.1 Safety and Liveness Properties.- 7.2 Realizability.- 7.3 Causality for Specifications.- 8. Equational Specification of State Transitions.- 8.1 I/O Transitions.- 8.2 Local States.- 8.3 Control States.- 8.4 Oracles.- 9. Access Control System.- 9.1 System Architecture.- 9.2 Functional Properties of the Controllers.- 9.3 Introducing Exception Handling.- 9.4 Imposing Timing Constraints.- 10. Tables and Diagrams.- 10.1 State Transition Tables.- 10.2 State Transition Diagrams.- 10.3 Semantics of State Transition Tables and Diagrams.- 11. Abracadabra Protocol.- 11.1 Informal Specification.- 11.2 Formalization.- 12. A/G Specifications.- 12.1 Simple Examples.- 12.2 Semantics.- 12.3 More Examples.- 13. Memory with Locking.- 13.1 Black-Box Description.- 13.2 Distributed Implementation.- 14. Refinement.- 14.1 Behavioral Refinement.- 14.2 Interface Refinement.- 14.3 Conditional Refinement.- 14.4 Verification.- 14.5 Glass-Box Refinement.- 14.6 Development Method.- 15. Behavioral Refinement.- 15.1 Definition.- 15.2 Simple Examples.- 15.3 Logical Properties.- 15.4 More Examples.- 15.5 Synchronizing the Communication.- 16. Interface Refinement.- 16.1 Definition.- 16.2 A Priming Convention for Channel Identifiers.- 16.3 Simple Examples.- 16.4 Methodological Issues.- 16.5 Logical Properties.- 16.6 More Examples.- 16.7 Generalizing Interface Refinement.- 17. Conditional Refinement.- 17.1 Definition.- 17.2 Simple Examples.- 17.3 Logical Properties.- 17.4 More Examples.- 18. Final Remarks.- 18.1 How Our Approach Generalizes.- 18.2 What We Did Not Cover.- A. Operators for Stream Tuples.- A.l Generalized Operators.- A.2 Tuple Filtering Operator.- A.3 Timed Filtering Operator.- B. Glossary of Terms.- B.l Sets.- B.2 Tuples.- B.3 Functions.- B.4 Types.- B.5 Logic.- B.6 Arithmetics.- B.7 Streams.- B.8 Tuples of Streams.- B.9 Specifications.- B.10 Strategies.