Handbook of Incretin-based Therapies in Type 2 Diabetes

Stephen Gough is Professor of Diabetes at the University of Oxford and Consultant Physician at the Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust. Professor Gough graduated in medicine from Leeds University Medical School, where he was later awarded a higher degree Doctorate in Medicine, which focused on cardiac dysfunction and abnormalities in coagulation and fibrinolysis present at the time of diagnosis of type 2 diabetes. He is currently based at the Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism, where he is a practicing clinician in diabetes. His research interests and ongoing research studies include translational aspects of diabetes, with a focus on the physiology of islet cell and whole organ pancreas transplantation, incretin biology, and incretin therapies in diabetes. Professor Gough has previously had a strong interest in the genetic susceptibility to autoimmunity and this work has been extended into his work on pancreas transplantation. He has published his research extensively in peer-reviewed journals and has contributed to many national and international conferences and books on diabetes. In recent years, Professor Gough has helped develop translation research in diabetes in Oxford through a number of local and national initiatives, including the Oxford Biomedical Research Centre, and he is Clinical Lead in Diabetes for the Oxford Academic Health Science Network and the Oxford Local Clinical Research Network.

1. Introduction and disease overviewReferences
2. Incretin hormones as a target for therapyIncretin hormone physiology The incretin-producing cellGIP and GLP-1 actionMeasurement of the incretin hormonesIncretin action in healthy individualsIncretin action in patients with type 2 diabetesTherapeutics applicationReferences
3. Glucagon-like peptide receptor agonists Introduction GLP-1 receptor agonists Extrapancreatic effects GLP-1 receptor agonists Pancreatic safety Perspectives References 
4. Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors Introduction Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics Efficacy Combination therapy Use in specific patient populations Conclusions References 
5. Global position and recommendations for use Introduction American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists/American College of EndocrinologyAmerican Diabetes Association /European Association for the Study of DiabetesInternational Diabetes Federation National Institute of Health and Care Excellence Using incretin-based therapies in clinical practice Availability and licences References 
6. Future and emerging therapies Introduction Once-weekly agents under investigation Subcutaneous implants Investigational DPP-4 inhibitors and fixed-dose combination with SGLT2 inhibitors Other indications for incretin therapiesDPP-4 inhibitorsReferences