Rectal Cancer

George J. Chang, MDProfessor Department of Surgical Oncology Division of Surgery The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center Houston, TX

Introduction: the Multidisciplinary Approach.- Clinical Anatomy of the Rectum.- Endorectal Ultrasound.- Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Rectum.- Radiographic Evaluation for Systemic Disease.- Local Excision.- Transanal Endoscopic Microsurgery (TEM) and Transanal Minimally Invasive Surgery (TaMIS).- Preoperative Radiotherapy and Chemoradiotherapy.- Total Mesorectal Excision.- Coloanal Reconstruction and Intersphincteric Resection.- Abdominoperineal Excision.- Lateral Pelvic Lymph Node Dissection.- Laparoscopic Rectal Surgery.- Robotic Rectal Surgery.- Composite Resection for Primary Rectal Cancer.- Evaluation and Treatment of Locally Recurrent Rectal Cancer.- Reconstruction of the Pelvis and Perineum.- Primary Tumor Management in Stage IV Rectal Cancer.- Systemic Chemotherapy.- Intraoperative Radiation Therapy.- Palliative Treatment.- Quality of Life After Multidisciplinary Management of Rectal Cancer.- Maximizing Neoadjuvant Treatment Response.- Standards for Pathologic Evaluation.-Molecular Markers and Mutational Analysis.