The Quadruple Innovation Helix Nexus

Sara Paulina de Oliveira Monteiro received a PhD in Economics from the University of Sophia Antipolis, Nice (GREDEG-CNRS), France, and with the academic PhD program in Governance, Knowledge and Innovation at the University of Coimbra, Portugal. She is currently the Science and Technology Manager at RAIZ, The Navigator Company, Portugal. She’s also Expert at Industry advisory Committee at ELIXIR-Europe.org, a member of Editorial Board at Coimbra Business Review, Portugal and coordinator of the Advanced Course in Digital Transformation and Industry 4.0 at University of Coimbra, Portugal.  Elias G. Carayannis is Full Professor of Science, Technology, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship, as co-Founder and co-Director of the Global and Entrepreneurial Finance Research Institute (GEFRI), and Director of Research on Science, Technology, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship, European Union Research Center (EURC) at George Washington University, Washington, DC, USA. Dr.Carayannis' teaching and research activities focus on the areas of strategic Government-University-Industry R&D partnerships, technology road-mapping, technology transfer and commercialization, international science and technology policy, technological entrepreneurship, and regional economic development.  

1. Introduction.- 2. Growth Model For The Quadruple Helix Innovation Theory.- 3. Quadruple Helix R&d Growth Models: A Panel Cointegration Analysis Applied To A Sample Of Oecd Countries.- 4. How rationales, actors, and multi-level governance relate to innovation policy mix.- 5. The fourth helix in Smart Specialization Strategies: the gap between discourse and practice.- 6. Supporting Knowledge and Policy Based Stakeholders in Delivering Regional Impact.- 7. Innovation Evaluation And Measurement: Macro Level And Firm Level Perspectives.- 8. Smart Cities and the Quadruple Helix Model: The Case of Portugal.- 9. Open Innovation Adoption In Clusters: The Portuguese Case.- 10. Conclusion.