Understanding Nicotine and Tobacco Addiction (eBook)
284 Seiten
Wiley (Verlag)
978-0-470-02922-0 (ISBN)
The prevailing model for tobacco addiction is that nicotine from cigarettes rewards smoking and punishes abstinence, tapping into a motivational system of operant conditioning that requires no conscious awareness. However, there are also accounts which involve cognitive biases and the effect of nicotine on impulse control. The brain pathways involved have been studied extensively, but the role of different nicotine receptor subtypes and other neurotransmitter systems is still subject to debate.
In western countries, cigarette smoking as an adult has a heritability of 30-50% and candidate genes have been identified that may contribute in part to addiction susceptibility. Many socio-cultural correlates of cigarette smoking have been established, but a comprehensive model that accounts for these and links them with the psychobiological aspects of nicotine addiction has not been forthcoming. Structured behavioural support programmes aid cessation attempts, as do a number of pharmacotherapies, most notably nicotine replacement treatments and bupropion, but the underlying mechanisms are unclear.
This book deals with the problems involved in understanding and treating nicotine and tobacco addiction. Topics covered include the nature of the worldwide health problem posed by cigarette smoking, the psychodynamics of cigarette addiction, and the basic pharmacology and biochemistry of nicotine and its effect on the brain. Further chapters analyse the genetic basis of susceptibility to nicotine addiction. Finally, the contributors address approaches to therapy. A continuing theme in the discussions throughout the book is how best to treat nicotine addiction, given that many smokers would like to stop smoking but are unable to do so because of their addiction.
This book will be of great value to all psychologists and psychiatrists working on addiction, specifically to nicotine but also to other compounds and behaviours. It will also be of interest to neuroscientists and pharmacologists working on nicotine receptors and the brain pathways involved in dependence, as well as to biochemists, molecular biologist and to public health officials.
The Novartis Foundation is an international scientific and educational charity which promotes the study and general knowledge of science and in particular encourages international co-operation in scientific research.
The Novartis Foundation is an international scientific and educational charity which promotes the study and general knowledge of science and in particular encourages international co-operation in scientific research.
Cover 1
Contents 7
Chair’s introduction 11
The hazards of smoking and the benefits of stopping 13
DISCUSSION 25
Animal models for nicotine dependence 27
DISCUSSION 38
Defining and assessing nicotine dependence in humans 46
DISCUSSION 62
General discussion I 69
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor functions in the CNS investigated with a novel method of stereotaxic gene re-expression in knockout mice 74
DISCUSSION 89
Nicotine-mediated activation of signal transduction pathways 93
DISCUSSION 100
Complementary roles for the accumbal shell and core in nicotine dependence 106
DISCUSSION 115
The dopamine D3 system: new opportunities for dopamine-based reward 126
DISCUSSION 133
Pathways and systems involved in nicotine dependence 142
DISCUSSION 155
Localizing tobacco dependence pathways with functional brain imaging 163
DISCUSSION 176
Pharmacogenetic approaches to nicotine dependence treatment 181
DISCUSSION 188
Pharmacogenomics and smoking cessation 194
DISCUSSION 204
General discussion II 207
Power in studies 207
Receptor desensitization 209
What limits the efficacy of current nicotine replacement therapies? 214
DISCUSSION 223
Exploring behavioural mechanisms of nicotine replacement therapy for smoking cessation 229
DISCUSSION 241
Modifying the metabolism of nicotine as a therapeutic strategy 245
DISCUSSION 254
Challenges in discovery and development of pharmacotherapies for tobacco addiction 259
DISCUSSION 269
Final discussion 272
Nicotine comorbidity 272
Animal models 274
Contributor Index 276
Subject Index 278
"...an excellent resource for individuals interested in this
area." (Doody's Health Services)
"...thinking of all the clients...who smoke... Do we
not owe it to our clients to save them from this Killer?"
(Journal of Mental Health and Psychiatric Nursing, September
2007)
Erscheint lt. Verlag | 14.6.2006 |
---|---|
Reihe/Serie | Novartis Foundation Symposium |
Sprache | englisch |
Themenwelt | Geisteswissenschaften ► Psychologie ► Klinische Psychologie |
Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitsfachberufe | |
Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Psychiatrie / Psychotherapie | |
Medizin / Pharmazie ► Medizinische Fachgebiete ► Suchtkrankheiten | |
Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie | |
Schlagworte | Biowissenschaften • Life Sciences • Medical Science • Medizin • Neurochemie • neurochemistry • Neuroscience • Neurowissenschaften • Pharmacology & Pharmaceutical Medicine • Pharmakologie u. Pharmazeutische Medizin • Psychiatrie • Psychiatry • Sucht |
ISBN-10 | 0-470-02922-6 / 0470029226 |
ISBN-13 | 978-0-470-02922-0 / 9780470029220 |
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