Health and Medicine through History

Ruth Clifford Engs, RN, EdD, is professor emerita of applied health science in the School of Public Health at Indiana University, Bloomington.

VOLUME 3 Data and Documents
Part 5 Data and Documents
Data
Population and Death Rates
1 Annual Number of Deaths by Age in London (1745–1750)
2 Chadwick Report: Number of Deaths and Causes (1842)
3 Population by WHO Region (1950–2100)
4 Hospital Admissions for All Causes during Various Wars (1991)
5 How Many People Have Ever Lived? (2018)
Maternal and Child Health
6 Comparison of Maternal Death Rates between Physicians and Midwives (1839–1846)
7 Maternal Mortality in England (1700–1850)
8 Maternal Mortality Rate in the United States (1900–1997)
9 Reduction in Infant Mortality (1915–1997)
10 United States Abortion Rate (1973–2014)
11 Decrease in Maternal Mortality (1990–2015)
12 Child Labor Around the World (2012)
13 Contraception Use and Unmet Needs Globally (2015)
14 Life Expectancy: Infant and Child Mortality Statistics (2015)
Diseases
15 Deaths from Plague and Other Causes in London (1593)
16 Diseases and Casualties (1670)
17 Decline in Diphtheria Deaths in Chicago (1905)
18 Global Tuberculosis Mortality Trends (1950–1970)
19 Reported Incidence of Measles in WHO Regions (1990–1995)
20 Global Burden of Disease (1990–2020)
21 Impact of Increasing Average Temperature (2007)
22 Death Rates from Infectious Diseases (1900–1999)
Mental Health and Substance Abuse
23 Opium Imports into China (1650–1880)
24 Average Number of Years Spent in Mental Institutions (1845)
25 Multilateral Agreements on Narcotics and Psychotropic Substances (1909–1988)
26 Alcohol Consumption per WHO Region (2005)
27 Estimated Annual Percentage of Opiate Use (1907 and 2006)
28 Opiate Prescriptions per Year (1991–2013)
29 Prevalence of Tobacco Smoking (2010–2025)
Primary Documents
1 Hammurabi's Laws Concerning Sickness and Medical Practice (ca. 1750 b.c.e.)
2 Recipes to Treat Diseases of Women in Ancient Egypt (ca. 1500 b.c.e.)
3 Circulation of the Blood As Seen by Ancient Egyptians (ca. 1500 b.c.e.)
4 Duties of a Physician in Ancient Ayurvedic Medicine (ca. 1500–400 b.c.e.)
5 Impregnation and Pregnancy in Ancient Ayurvedic Medicine (ca. 1500–400 b.c.e.)
6 Empedocles: Poem on Elements, Creation, and Conception (Fifth Century b.c.e.)
7 Celsus: Fevers and Cures from Roman Antiquity (10 c.e.)
8 Celsus: Treating Fractures in Roman Antiquity (10 c.e.)
9 Galen Debates Other Physicians and Philosophers (180 c.e.)
10 Chinese Medicine from the Yellow Emperor (ca. 200 c.e.)
11 Aphorisms of Hippocrates for Medical Students (ca. Fifth Century c.e.)
12 Three Kinds of Hindu Indian Treatments (ca. Sixth Century c.e.)
13 Amputation in Antiquity (ca. Seventh Century c.e.)
14 Treatment for Respiratory Illnesses and Tuberculosis (1412)
15 Paracelsus: Theses on Medicine (1500s)
16 Aztec Smallpox Victims (ca. 1520)
17 Girolamo Fracastoro: Description of Syphilis (1530)
18 Vesalius: Anatomy of Bones and Cartilages of the Head (1543)
19 Chinese Vaccination Procedure (ca. 1549)
20 William Harvey: Circulation of the Blood (1628)
21 John Graunt: Mortality Rates in Britain in the 17th Century (1662)
22 Symptoms of Depression and Other Mental Conditions (1686)
23 James Lind: Experiments on Scurvy (1753)
24 Matthew Carey: Scourge of Yellow Fever (1794)
25 Edward Jenner: An Inquiry into Cowpox (1798)
26 Fluid Movement into Organs Causes Complex Changes (1809)
27 Sylvester Graham: Intemperance, the Cause of Cholera (1832)
28 Digitalis: An Advance in Drug Treatment from the Beginning of Modern Therapeutics (1847)
29 Razi: A Treatise on the Smallpox (1848)
30 John Snow: Mode of Communication of Cholera (1855)
31 Henri Dunant: History of the Red Cross (1862)
32 Louisa May Alcott: Experience as a Civil War Nurse (1863)
33 Gray's Anatomy: Muscles of the Head (1867)
34 Seventh-Day Adventist View of Alcohol and Tobacco (1870)
35 International Sanitary Conference to Establish Quarantine and to Study Epidemics (1874)
36 Military Field Hospitals and Amputations (1887)
37 Emil Kraepelin Characterizes Psychoses (1887)
38 Florence Nightingale's Advice to Nurses (1888)
39 South African Mountains as Health Resorts for Tuberculosis (1888)
40 Sanitation in India (1891)
41 Asiatic Cholera in India Since Antiquity (1892)
42 Worldwide Cholera in the Mid-19th Century (1892)
43 On Wine Drinking and Its Terrible Consequences (1893)
44 Trembling Mountain (A TB Education Tract) (1895)
45 Anesthesia in the 19th Century (1895)
46 Scottish Foundations of Modern Surgery (1895)
47 Charaka Samhita: Ancient Indian Medical System (1896)
48 Letters from a Missionary Nurse in East Africa (1896)
49 Medical Testimony against the Use of Tobacco (1896)
50 Hot Water in Surgery (1896)
51 Osler's Medical Textbook and Typhus (1898)
52 Digitalis (or Foxglove) Illustration (1900)
53 Causes of Summer Diarrhea, A Major Killer of Infants (1902)
54 Developing Dementia from Syphilis (1902)
55 Upton Sinclair: The Jungle (1906)
56 Clifford Beers: The Horrors of Mental Institutions (1906)
57 R. M. O'Reilly: Yellow Fever Commission Report (1906)
58 Why Brewers Think Prohibition Is Bad (1908)
59 The Flexner Report on Medical Education (1910)
60 Medical Education of Women in Early-20th-Century North America (1910)
61 Eugen Bleuler: Theory of Schizophrenic Negativism (1912)
62 International Opium Convention at The Hague (1912)
63 Upton Sinclair: Satire of Health Remedies (1912)
64 Harrison Narcotics Tax Act (1914)
65 Ruth Fielding: Red Cross Nurse in France in WWI (1918)
66 Materia Medica for Nurses: Drugs Used for the Effect on the Blood (1920)
67 Sigmund Freud: On Psychoanalysis (1920)
68 Margaret Sanger: Strain of Children on Working Mothers (1922)
69 Care and Setting of Fractures in Ancient Egypt, with Commentary (1930)
70 Diseases in Antiquity Based on X-Rays of Mummies (1931)
71 Eduard Pernkopf: Drawing of Head (1943)
72 Lillian Dunlap: A Nurse's Experience in the Philippines (1944)
73 Karl MacMillan: Medical Diary from Burma and China in WWII (1945)
74 Need for More Primary Practitioners (1994)
75 Measles Eradication Recommendations from a Global Meeting (1996)
76 Evidence for Climate Change (2007)
77 Tuning in to Secure Food (2011)
78 WHO: Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic (2015)
79 WHO: Recommendations for the Prevention of Childhood Obesity (2017)
About the Editor and Contributors
Index