Behavioral Neuroscience - George Spilich

Behavioral Neuroscience

(Autor)

Buch | Softcover
512 Seiten
2023 | 1. Auflage
John Wiley & Sons Inc (Verlag)
978-1-118-54738-0 (ISBN)
222,51 inkl. MwSt
»Behavioral Neuroscience« by George Spilich, presents the neurophysiological aspects of behavior to the 21st-century, digital-native learner in the context of human experience, rather than in that of laboratory experiments with non-human animals. Whether a student has enrolled in the course to prepare them for a career in medicine or science, or they are fulfilling a general education science requirement, Behavioral Neuroscience is written to meet them where they are.

The text has an accessible writing style, real-life examples and data sets, active-learning exercises, and multimodal media and quizzes—all designed to make the subject more engaging and relevant. This ground-breaking first edition is ideal for the Introductory Behavioral Neuroscience or the Biological Psychology course.

Enhanced Etext: The Etext integrates a rich and varied array of digital visualizations, video interviews, and engaging online demonstrations and quizzes within the chapter, providing students with a more engaging and streamlined way to learn the material. Students using the printed text have access to the media via QR codes.

Active Learning: Every chapter contains multiple activities that engage students’ imaginations and convey content in a manner that appeals to digital-native students.

Check It Out presents a dynamic visualization of an aspect of brain anatomy, a demonstration of a biopsychological process, or a video interview with a researcher or another interesting person.

Try It Out gives students a directed task to complete or a data set to interpret, with a series of questions, making the learning active.

Think About It presents real-world examples with questions that foster critical thinking.

Real Data Sets: Instructors and students can access data from actual experiments to make the subject more relevant and engaging. Depending upon the class’s statistical preparation, instructors may ask students to interpret a graph or a test’s output or may ask students to decide how to best analyze a data set. The Instructor’s Resources site provides a crib for all three possibilities.

Real-Life Connections: Throughout the chapters, the author poses meaningful questions that help students connect the content to everyday, real-world experiences.

Robust Instructor Resources: Instructors have immediate access to the multimedia in the Check It Out, Try It Out, and Think About It features. They also have access to additional media, like video demonstrations and worksheets, to enrich and customize class presentations.

Up-to-Date Coverage of Social Neuroscience: The text covers emerging topics, like the biological basis of social behaviors, including emotions; understanding facial expressions within and across cultures; an evolutionary perspective on attractiveness; prejudice; and the neural basis of Asperger’s syndrome, in detail.

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: The text highlights notable researchers whose work has greatly contributed to an understanding of the science. The text also directs students to each researcher’s lab webpage and directs students to answer brief questions about each researcher’s work.

Spilich, Behavioral Neuroscience, 1e

1 Evolution and Genetics

1.1 Human Origins

• The History of the Earth

• The Evolution of Mammals

• The Evolution of Primates

• The Evolution of Humans

Check It Out: Are You Part Neanderthal?

1.2 The Genetic Basis of Evolution

• Mendel and the Theory of Heritability

Try It Out: Mendelian Traits

• Modern Genetics

Think About It: Genetic Engineering

• Genetic Variation

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Doudna, Charpentier, and CRISPR-Cas9

1.3 Evolution and the Environment

• Natural Selection

• The Evolution of Color Vision

• Adaptations to Extreme Environments

Try It Out: Are You Ready to Climb Everest?

• Evolution and the Human Diet

1.4 The Evolution of Social Behavior

• Evidence for the Heritability of Behavior

• The Survival Benefits of Social Behavior

• The Biological Basis of Modern Behavior

Check It Out: What’s Your Ancestral Journey?

2 The Neuron and Action Potential

2.1 An Introduction to the Neuron

• An Overview of the Nervous System

• The Discovery of the Neuron

Check It Out: Staining a Neuron

2.2 The Structure of a Neuron

• Eukaryotic Cell Structure

• Neuron Components

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Mark Harnett and the Role of Dendrites

• Types of Neurons

Check It Out: Guillain-Barré Syndrome

2.3 Neural Transmission of a Signal

• Energy Produced Through Imbalances

• Ion Exchange

• The Sodium-Potassium Pump

Think About It: Disrupting the Sodium-Potassium Pump

• The Action Potential

• The All-or-None Law

2.4 White Matter, Gray Matter, and Glia

• White and Gray Matter

Think About It: White or Gray Matter?

• Glia

3 Synapses and Neurotransmitters

3.1 The Synapse

• The Presynaptic Mechanism

• The Postsynaptic Mechanism

• A Closer Look at Interneuron Communication

• Chemical versus Electrical Synapses

Check It Out: Electrical Synapses and Atrial Fibrillation

3.2 Receptors and Postsynaptic Effects

• Ionotropic and Metabotropic Receptors

• Downregulation and Upregulation

Think About It: How Upregulation Explains Nicotine Cravings

• Autoreceptors and Heteroreceptors

3.3 An Overview of Major Neurotransmitters

• Four Key Neurotransmitter Systems

Check It Out: The Sleepy Sickness Epidemic

• Other Neurotransmitters of Note

3.4 Disorders and Treatments Related to Neurotransmission

• Synaptopathies

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Dimitri Kullmann and the Silent Synapse

• Alcohol, Drugs, and Addiction

• Drug Treatments Targeting Neurotransmission

4 The Nervous System

4.1 An Overview of the Nervous System

• Divisions of the Nervous System

• Gross Anatomy of the Brain

Check It Out: The Gross Anatomy of the Brain

• The Brainstem

• The Spinal Cord

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Nicholas Hatsopoulos and Spinal Cord Injury Repair

4.2 Major Structures and Support Systems of the CNS

• The Cerebral Cortex

• The Cerebellum

Check It Out: Comparing Sheep and Human Brains

• Essential Support Systems of the CNS

Check It Out: The Ventricular and Glymphatic Systems

4.3 Major Subcortical Processing Circuits

• The Corpus Callosum: Information Transfer

• The Thalamus and Hypothalamus: Integration and Regulation

• The Limbic System: Emotion and Memory

• The Basal Ganglia: Initiation and Control of Movement

Check It Out: Delgado’s Bull

4.4 The Peripheral Nervous System

• Divisions of the Peripheral Nervous System

• The Neuromuscular Junction

Think About It: Myasthenia Gravis and the Neuromuscular Junction

• The Cranial Nerves

5 Vision

5.1 An Introduction to Vision

• The Physics of Light

• The Architecture of the Human Eye

• How the Focal Plane Affects Our Vision

• Measuring Visual Acuity and Contrast Sensitivity

Try It Out: The Landolt C Task

• The Visual Processing Stream

5.2 The Retina

• Photoreceptors

• Retinal Processing Beyond Rods and Cones

Check It Out: Peeking into the Retina Through OCT

5.3 The Subcortical Centers

• The Geniculostriate Pathway

Check It Out: The Eye of the Batter

• The Tectopulvinar Pathway

• Damage to the Visual Stream

5.4 The Visual Cortex

• The Primary Visual Cortex

• Processing in the Visual Cortex

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Margaret Wong-Riley and the PVC

• The Extrastriate Cortex

Check It Out: Motion Aftereffects

• The Ventral and Dorsal Streams

5.5 Color Vision

• The Trichromatic Theory

• Color Vision Abnormalities

• Color Sensitivity Across the Visual Spectrum

Think About It: Safety and Color Vision

• The Opponent Process Theory

Try It Out: The Checkerboard Illusion

6 Audition, Chemosenses, and Cutaneous Senses

6.1 Audition: Hearing and the Ear

• The Physics of Sound

Try It Out: Test the Limits of Your Hearing

• The Anatomy of the Ear

• Transmission of Sound Waves Through the Ear

• Addressing Hearing Deficits

Check It Out: Experience a Hearing Deficit and a Cochlear Implant

6.2 Auditory Processing and the Vestibular System

• Auditory Processing in the Brain

• Amplitude and Frequency Coding

Think About It: Auditory Sensitivity and Age

• Auditory Localization

Try It Out: Experience Auditory Localization

• The Vestibular System

6.3 The Chemosenses: Olfaction

• The Anatomy and Physiology of Olfaction

• Olfactory Receptors

• Individual Differences in Olfaction

Check It Out: Conversation with an Anosmic

6.4 The Chemosenses: Gustation

• The Anatomy and Physiology of Taste

• Taste Receptors

Try It Out: Are You a Picky Eater?

• Individual Differences in Taste

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Linda Bartoshuk and Supertasters

6.5 The Cutaneous Senses

• Pressure and Vibration

Check It Out: Global Kinesthetic Deficit

• Pain

7 Homeostatic Regulation of the Internal Environment

7.1 An Overview of Homeostasis

• Balance and Change in the Body

• Feedback Systems

Try It Out: Negative Feedback Systems in Nature and Technology

7.2 Homeostatic Regulation of Temperature

• Ectothermic versus Endothermic Thermoregulation

• The Neural Basis of Thermoregulation

• Hyperthermia and Hypothermia

Think About It: Avoiding Exercise-Induced Hyperthermia

7.3 Homeostatic Regulation of Fluids Through Thirst

• Volumetric Thirst and the Renin-Angiotensin System

• Osmotic Thirst and Cellular Sodium Concentration

• Disorders Related to Fluid Imbalance

Try It Out: Recognizing the Dangers of Fluid Imbalance

7.4 Homeostatic Regulation of Hunger and Satiety

• The Gastrointestinal Tract

• The Neural Basis of Hunger and Satiety

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Philip Teitelbaum and the Motivation to Eat

• Hormonal Regulation of Hunger

• Hormonal Regulation of Satiety

7.5 Disorders of Hunger and Satiety

• Obesity

Try It Out: Measure Your BMI

• Prader-Willi Syndrome

• Anorexia Nervosa

• The Challenges of Treating Disordered Eating

8 The Endocrine System

8.1 An Introduction to the Endocrine System

• The Discovery of Hormones as Messengers

• Comparing the Endocrine and Nervous Systems

Try It Out: Fast- and Slow-Response Systems

• Glands and Hormones

• Negative Feedback and Endocrine Function

8.2 Endocrine Glands in the CNS

• The Hypothalamus, Pituitary Gland, and Pineal Gland

• Pituitary Hormones

• Endocrine Regulation of Growth

Think About It: Synthetic Growth Hormone Use and Abuse

8.3 Endocrine Glands in the Periphery

• The Thymus and Thyroid

• The Pancreas and Glucoregulation

Check It Out: Glucoregulation

Think About It: Preventing Type 2 Diabetes

• The Adrenal Glands and Stress

• The Gonads and Sexual Development

8.4 The Stress Response

• The HPA Axis

• The General Adaptational Syndrome

• Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Carrie Hill Kennedy and PTSD

9 Reward, Addiction, and Psychopharmacology

9.1 The Biological Basis for Reward

• Discovering the Biological Basis for Reward

Think About It: The Ethics of Deep Brain Stimulation

• Reward Centers in the Brain

• The Mesolimbic and Mesocortical Pathways

• The Reward Circuit and Human Behavior

9.2 Addiction as Dysfunction of the Reward Circuit

• The Genetic Basis for Addiction

• Substance Abuse Disorders

Try It Out: Diagnosing Addictive Behavior

• Risk Factors for Addiction

• Treatments for Addiction

9.3 The Essentials of Psychopharmacology

• How Drugs Enter the Body

• Pharmacodynamics

Think About It: Behavioral Tolerance and Drug Overdoses

• Pharmacokinetics

9.4 Intoxicants

• Alcohol

Check It Out: Effects of Alcohol on Visual Search

• Opioids

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Candace Pert and Opioid Receptors

• Marijuana

9.5 Stimulants and Other Commonly Abused Drugs

• Nicotine

• Caffeine

Think About It: Do We Abuse Caffeine?

• Other Commonly Abused Drugs

10 Sexual Reproduction and Behavior

10.1 An Overview of Sex and Reproduction

• Asexual and Sexual Reproduction

• Sexual Dimorphism

• Male and Female Reproductive Anatomy

• Sex versus Gender

Try It Out: Sex Roles and Gender Roles

10.2 Prenatal Sexual Organization

• Genetic Influences on Biological Sex

• Sexual Differentiation in Utero

• Hormonal Influences on Prenatal Sexual Development

Try It Out: The D2:D4 Ratio

10.3 The HPG Axis and Life-Span Sexual Development

• Puberty

Think About It: Environmental Effects on Puberty Onset

• Hormonal Control of the Menstrual Cycle

• Hormonal Activation of Parental Behavior

• Sexuality and Aging

10.4 Sexual and Reproductive Behaviors

• The Human Sexual Response

• Sexual Orientation

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Simon LeVay and the Neural Basis of Sexual Orientation

• The Biological Basis of Attraction

Check It Out: Are Average Faces More Attractive?

11 Neurodevelopment Across the Life Span

11.1 Prenatal Development of Brain Structures

• Embryonic Neurodevelopment

Think About It: Developing Brains at Risk

• Fetal Neurodevelopment

11.2 Prenatal Neurodevelopment at the Cellular Level

• Neurodevelopment as an Organizational Process

Check It Out: Visualizing Neuromigration

• Guidance for Neuromigration

11.3 Postnatal Neurodevelopment

• Environmental Influences on Postnatal Neurodevelopment

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Marian Diamond and Neuroplasticity

• The Adolescent Brain

Try It Out: Are You a Risk Taker?

• The Aging Brain

11.4 Neurodevelopmental Disorders

• Defects in Neurulation

Check It Out: Spina Bifida

• Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

• Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

• Williams Syndrome

• Schizophrenia

12 Learning and Conditioning

12.1 Classical Conditioning

• Innate versus Learned Behavior

Check It Out: Experience Conditioning

• Pavlov and the Discovery of Classical Conditioning

Try It Out: Classical Conditioning in Everyday Life

• Watson and the Little Albert Experiment

• Conditioned Taste Aversion

12.2 Operant Conditioning

• The Discovery of Operant Conditioning

• Reinforcement and Punishment

Try It Out: Turning Vices into Virtues

• Conditioning Phenomena

• Reinforcement Schedules

Try It Out: Operant Conditioning in Everyday Life

12.3 Learning and the Brain

• Where Memory Is Stored

• The Neuronal Basis of Learning

• Long-Term Potentiation

Check It Out: Long-Term Potentiation

• NMDA and AMPA Receptors

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Karl Deisseroth and Optogenetics

13 Sleep, Dreaming, and Circadian Rhythms

13.1 The Mystery of Sleep

• Evolutionary Patterns of Sleep

Think About It: Has Civilization Changed How We Sleep?

• The Purpose of Sleep

13.2 Sleep Stages and Dreaming

• The Study of Sleep

• The Stages of Sleep

Try It Out: What’s Your Sleep IQ?

• Dreaming

Try It Out: Are You a Lucid Dreamer?

13.3 The Biological Basis of Sleep

• Sensory Stimulation and Sleep

• The Reticular Activating System and Sleep

• The Brainstem, Hypothalamus, and Sleep

• Neurotransmitters and Sleep

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Gina Poe and the Role of Sleep in Memory

13.4 Sleep Disruptions

• Drugs and Sleep

• Sleep Disorders

Think About It: Sleep Insufficiency

13.5 Circadian Rhythms

• Melatonin and the Sleep–Wake Cycle

• The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus

• When Diurnal and Circadian Rhythms are Mismatched

Try It Out: The Dangers of Microsleep

14 Language, Music, and the Brain

14.1 The Evolution of Human Language

• Communication in the Animal Kingdom

Check It Out: The McGurk Effect

• The FOXP2 Gene

• Evidence for Speech in our Ancestry

14.2 The Neural Basis of Language

• The Discovery of Broca’s and Wernicke’s Areas

• The Geschwind–Wernicke Model of Language

• The Two-Circuit Model of Language

• Contributions of the Right and Left Hemispheres

Try It Out: The Dichotic Listening Task

14.3 The Neural Basis of Reading and Writing

• The Invention of Reading and Writing

• Reading Processes

• Eye Movements and Reading

• Reading and Writing Disorders

Check It Out: Reading Through the Eyes of a Dyslexic

14.4 The Neural Basis of Music

• The Evolutionary Basis of Music

Think About It: Williams Syndrome

• Characteristics of Music

• Music Processing in the Brain

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Isabelle Peretz and Neural Processing of Music

Try It Out: Test Your Own Tone Discrimination

15 Cognitive Neuroscience

15.1 Memory

• The Three-Store Model of Memory

• Sensory Memory

Try It Out: Experience Echoic Memory

• Working Memory

Try It Out: Measure Your Working Memory

• Long-Term Memory

• Amnesia

Think About It: A Life Lived Moment by Moment

15.2 Attention

• Aspects of Attention

• The Neural Basis of Attention

Check It Out: Change Blindness

• Hemineglect

Think About It: Why Do Actors Enter from Stage Left?

15.3 Object Recognition

• Visual Object Recognition

• Challenges to Object Recognition

• Visual Agnosia

• Prosopagnosia

Check It Out: What Is It Like to Be Faceblind?

15.4 Executive Function

• Aspects of Executive Function

• The Neural Basis of Executive Function

• Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Marie Banich and Executive Function

• Evaluating Executive Function

Try It Out: The Stroop Task

• Psychosurgery as a Treatment for Executive Dysfunction

Think About It: Moniz, Psychosurgery, and the Lobotomy

15.5 Hemispheric Specialization

• Anatomical Differences Between the Hemispheres

• Sperry and the Split-Brain Procedure

Check It Out: Do We Have Two Brains?

• The Mystery of Left-Handedness

Try It Out: Are You Right- or Left-Handed?

16 Psychiatric and Neurological Disorders

16.1 Mood Disorders

• An Overview of Depression

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Avshalom Caspi and the Genetic Basis of Depression

• The Neural Basis of Depression

• Treatment of Depression

• Bipolar Disorder

16.2 Anxiety Disorders

• General Anxiety Disorder

• Panic Disorder

• Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder

Think About It: OCD, Compulsions, and Rituals

16.3 Consciousness Disorders

• Schizophrenia

Think About It: The Cost of Schizophrenia

• Delusions of Identity

16.4 Neurological Disorders

• Bacterial and Viral Infections

• Cerebrovascular Accidents

Think About It: The Facts About Stroke

• Traumatic Brain Injury

Try It Out: Concussions and Cognition

• Dementia

• Movement Disorders

Check It Out: Understanding Tourette’s Syndrome

17 Social Neuroscience

17.1 Emotions

• Defining Emotion

• The Evolutionary Basis of Emotions

Advances in Behavioral Neuroscience: Leda Cosmides and Evolutionary Psychology

• Theories of Emotions

• The Neural Basis of Emotions

17.2 Communicating Internal States

• Facial Expressions

Try It Out: Cultural Differences in Emotional Expressions

• Social and Duchenne Smiles

Check It Out: What’s in a Smile

• Deception as an Adaptive Strategy

Check It Out: Can You Tell the Truth from a Lie?

• Theory of Mind

17.3 Beauty and Attraction

• External tells for Health and Reproductive Fitness

• Ovulation and Attractiveness

• Hormonal Influences on Pair Bonding

17.4 Human Social Networks

• Evolutionary Advantages of Group Membership

• Signaling Group Membership

• Ingroups and Outgroups

• Prejudice and Stereotypes

Think About It: The Implicit Association Test

17.5 Asperger’s Syndrome and Emotional Blindness

• Autism Spectrum Disorder

• Difficulties in Processing Emotional Cues

Check It Out: Lindsay’s Social World

• The Neurology of Asperger’s Syndrome

Erscheinungsdatum
Verlagsort New York
Sprache englisch
Maße 150 x 250 mm
Gewicht 998 g
Einbandart kartoniert
Themenwelt Geisteswissenschaften Psychologie Biopsychologie / Neurowissenschaften
Schlagworte Neurowissenschaft
ISBN-10 1-118-54738-1 / 1118547381
ISBN-13 978-1-118-54738-0 / 9781118547380
Zustand Neuware
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