Radar Systems, Peak Detection and Tracking (eBook)

Cover 1
Contents 6
Preface 11
Acknowledgements 15
Notations 16
Part I: Radar Systems 28
Chapter 1. Essential relational functions 30
1.1 Fourier analysis 30
1.2 Discrete Fourier transform 38
1.3 Other useful functions 42
1.4 Fast Fourier transform 52
1.5 Norm of a function 55
1.6 Summary 55
Appendix 1A A fast Fourier transform computer program 56
Problems 62
Chapter 2. Understanding radar fundamentals 64
2.1 An overview of radar system architecture 64
Problems 81
Chapter 3. Antenna physics and radar measurements 82
3.1 Antenna radiation 82
3.2 Target measurements 94
3.3 Summary 111
Appendix 3A Ambiguity function of a chirp pulse 112
Problems 113
Chapter 4. Antenna arrays 114
4.1 Planar array 114
4.2 Phase shifter 119
4.3 Beam steering 121
4.4 Inter-element spacing 123
4.5 Pattern multiplication 125
4.6 Slot antenna array 126
4.7 Power and time budgets 128
4.8 Summary 130
Problems 130
Chapter 5. The radar equations 132
5.1 Radar equation for conventional radar 132
5.2 Target fluctuation models 153
5.3 Detection probability 156
5.4 Target detection range in clutter 162
5.5 Radar equation for laser radar 172
5.6 Search figure of merit 177
5.7 Radar equation for secondary radars 178
5.8 Summary 180
Appendix 5A Noise in Doppler processing 180
Problems 181
Part II: Ionosphere and HF Skywave Radar 184
Chapter 6. The ionosphere and its effect on HF skywave propagation 186
6.1 The atmosphere 186
6.2 The ionosphere 187
6.3 Summary 230
Problems 230
Chapter 7. Skywave radar 231
7.1 Skywave geometry 232
7.2 Basic system architecture 233
7.3 Beamforming 245
7.4 Radar equation: a discussion 250
7.5 Applications of skywave radar 252
7.6 Summary 254
Problems 254
Part III: Peak Detection and Background Theories 256
Chapter 8. Probability theory and distribution functions 258
8.1 A basic concept of random variables 258
8.2 Summary of applicable probability rules 259
8.3 Probability density function 264
8.4 Moment, average, variance and cumulant 268
8.5 Stationarity and ergodicity 271
8.6 An overview of probability distributions 272
8.7 Summary 282
Problems 282
Chapter 9. Decision theory 284
9.1 Tests of significance 285
9.2 Error probabilities and decision criteria 288
9.3 Maximum likelihood rule 290
9.4 Neyman-Pearson rule 292
9.5 Minimum error probability rule 294
9.6 Bayes minimum risk rule 298
9.7 Summary 300
Problems 300
Chapter 10. Signal-peak detection 302
10.1 Signal processing 303
10.2 Peak detection 305
10.3 Matched filter 308
10.4 Summary 311
Problems 311
Part IV: Estimation and Tracking 314
Chapter 11. Parameter estimation and filtering 316
11.1 Basic parameter estimator 316
11.2 Maximum likelihood estimator 317
11.3 Estimators a posteriori 321
11.4 Linear estimators 323
11.5 Summary 338
Problems 339
Chapter 12. Tracking 340
12.1 Basic tracking process 341
12.2 Filters for tracking 343
12.3 Tracking with PDA filter in a cluttered environment 359
12.4 Summary 372
Problems 373
References 375
Glossary 382
Index 386