Fetal Cardiology

Simcha Yagel MD is Professor and Head of Division, Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Hadassah University Hospital, Mount Scopus, Jerusalem, Israel; Founder and former Chairman of the Israel Society of Ultrasound in Obstetrics and Gynecology; and Founding Chairman of the Israel Society for Placenta Research, 2009-2014. Norman H. Silverman MD, DSc, FACC is Professor, Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Lucile Packard Children’s Hospital, Stanford University Medical Center, Palo Alto, USA. Ulrich Gembruch MD, PhD is Professor, Department of Obstetrics and Prenatal Medicine, Center of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Bonn, Germany.

Preface

List of contributors

1. Cardiac morphogenesis

Adriana C. Gittenberger-de Groot, Monique R.M. Jongbloed, Marco C. de Ruiter, Margot M. Bartelings, and Robert E. Poelmann

2. Cardiac anatomy and examination of specimens

Diane E. Spicer

3. Placental implantation and development

Simcha Yagel and Debra S. Goldman-Wohl

4. Placental circulations

Eric Jauniaux and Graham J. Burton

5. Technical advances in fetal echocardiography

Boris Tutschek and David Sahn

6. Epidemiology of congenital heart disease: Etiology, pathogenesis, and incidence

Julien I.E. Hoffman

7. Indications for fetal echocardiography: Screening in low- and high-risk populations

Anita J. Moon-Grady, Mary T. Donofrio, Sarah M. Cohen, and Simcha Yagel

8. Circulation in the normal fetus and cardiovascular adaptations to birth

Abraham M. Rudolph

9. Development of fetal cardiac and extracardiac Doppler flows in early gestation

Viola Seravalli, Ulrich Gembruch, and Ahmet A. Baschat

10. Examination of the normal fetal heart using two-dimensional echocardiography

Rabih Chaoui

11. The three vessel and tracheal view

Julia Solomon

12. First and early second trimester fetal heart screening

Simcha Yagel, Sarah M. Cohen, Reuven Achiron, Yaron Zalel, and Alfred Abuhamad

13. Four-dimensional ultrasound examination of the fetal heart using spatiotemporal image correlation (STIC)

Luís F. Gonçalves

14. Three- and four-dimensional ultrasound in fetal echocardiography: A new look at the fetal heart

Simcha Yagel, Sarah M. Cohen, Israel Shapiro, Baruch Messing, and Dan V. Valsky

15. Magnetic resonance imaging: Techniques and normal fetal cardiovascular physiology

Davide Marini, Sharon Portnoy, and Mike Seed

16. Magnetic resonance imaging: Abnormalities of the fetal circulation

Davide Marini, Sharon Portnoy, and Mike Seed

17. Abnormal visceral and atrial situs and congenital heart disease

Varsha Thakur, Edgar T. Jaeggi, and Shi-Joon Yoo

18. Cardiac malpositions and syndromes with right or left atrial isomerism

Rabih Chaoui

19. Pulmonary vein anomalies

Anita J. Moon-Grady

20. Ebstein malformation and tricuspid valve pathology

Lindsay R. Freud, Wayne Tworetzky, and Norman H. Silverman

21. Intracardiac shunt malformations

Einat Birk and Norman H. Silverman

22. Atrioventricular septal defect ("atrioventricular canal")

Laurent Fermont and Lucile Houyel

23. Double-inlet ventricle

Astrid Hellmund and Ulrich Gembruch

24. Lesions of the right heart

Julene S. Carvalho

25. Ventricular outflow tract anomalies ("conotruncal anomalies")

Varsha Thakur, Edgar T. Jaeggi, and Shi-Joon Yoo

26. Tetralogy of Fallot

Michael D. Puchalski

27. Double-outlet right ventricle

Luke Eckersley and Lisa K. Hornberger

28. Truncus arteriosus

Shaine A. Morris and Diego A. Lara

29. Transposition of the great arteries

Silvia G.V. Alvarez and Lisa K. Hornberger

30. Left heart malformations

Brian S. Snarr, Michael Y. Liu, and Jack Rychik

31. Aortic arch anomalies

Varsha Thakur, Edgar T. Jaeggi, and Shi-Joon Yoo

32. Coarctation of the aorta and interrupted aortic arch

Max E. Godfrey and Wayne Tworetzky

33. Diseases of the myocardium, endocardium, and pericardium during fetal life and cardiomyopathy in the fetus

Simone R.F. Fontes Pedra and Carlos A.C. Pedra

34. Ultrasound examination of the fetal coronary circulation

Ahmet A. Baschat, Ulrich Gembruch, and Viola Seravalli

35. The fetal venous system: Normal embryology, anatomy, and physiology and the development and appearance of anomalies

Simcha Yagel, Ori Shen, Sarah M. Cohen, and Dan V. Valsky

36. Fetal cardiac tumors

Lisa K. Hornberger and Angela McBrien

37. The fetal thymus

Elena S. Sinkovskaya and Alfred Abuhamad

38. Extracardiac Doppler investigation in fetuses with congenital heart disease

Annegret Geipel, Ulrich Gembruch, and Christoph Berg

39. Electrophysiology for the perinatologist

Edgar T. Jaeggi

40. Fetal bradycardia

Bettina F. Cuneo

41. Fetal tachyarrhythmia

Ulrich Gembruch

42. Cardiac diseases in association with hydrops fetalis

Ulrich Gembruch and Wolfgang Holzgreve

43. Congestive heart failure in the fetus

James C. Huhta

44. Twin-twin transfusion syndrome: Impact on the cardiovascular system

Jack Rychik

45. Fetal interventions for congenital heart disease

Lindsay R. Freud, Max E. Godfrey, and Wayne Tworetzky

46. Doppler evaluation in fetal growth restriction

Javier Caradeux and Francesc Figueras

47. Venous flow dynamics: Intrauterine growth restriction and cardiac decompensation

Torvid Kiserud

48. Evaluation of fetal cardiac function: Techniques and implications

Christoph Wohlmuth and Helena M. Gardiner

49. Genetics and cardiac anomalies

Hagit Shani, Pe’er Dar, and Mark I. Evans

50. Cardiac defects in chromosomally abnormal fetuses

Ritu Mogra and Jon Hyett

51. Associated anomalies in congenital heart disease

Christoph Berg, Ulrich Gembruch, and Annegret Geipel

52. Chromosome microarray analysis of the fetal heart

Karina Seidl Nall

53. Congenital cardiovascular malformations and the fetal and neonatal circulation

Abraham M. Rudolph

54. Intrapartum evaluation of fetal well-being

Hagai Amsalem, Yoram Sorokin, and Sean C. Blackwell

55. Intrapartum and delivery room management of the fetus with congenital heart disease

Mary T. Donofrio and Anita J. Moon-Grady

56. The neonate with congenital heart disease: Medical and interventional management

Alexander Lowenthal, Ulrike Herberg, and Einat Birk

57. Infants with congenital heart disease in the first year of life

Andrew J. Parry and Frank L. Hanley

58. Neurodevelopment in congenital heart disease: Intrauterine Doppler and fetal and neonatal magnetic resonance imaging

Shabnam Peyvandi and Mary T. Donofrio

59. Postnatal neurodevelopment in congenital heart disease: Short- and long-term neurodevelopment and interventions

Hedwig H. Hövels-Gürich and Christopher G. McCusker

60. Genetic counseling in families with congenital heart defects

Klaus Zerres and Sabine Rudnik-Schöneborn

61. Cardiac disease in pregnancy

Sabrina D. Phillips and Frank Cetta

62. Maternal diseases and therapies affecting the fetal cardiovascular system

Waltraut M. Merz and Ulrich Gembruch

Index