The Pocket Guide to Medical Retina

Jason Hsu, MD is Co-Director of Retina Research at the Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital and Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at the Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University. He received his medical degree from the University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine and was elected to the Alpha Omega Alpha Medical Honor Society, followed by an ophthalmology residency at the University of Pennsylvania, Scheie Eye Institute, and a vitreoretinal surgery fellowship at Wills Eye Hospital. He is currently also a partner at Wills Eye Physicians—Mid Atlantic Retina. Dr. Hsu is an active member of the Retina Society, American Society of Retina Specialists (ASRS), American Academy of Ophthalmology (AAO), and Association for Research in Vision and Ophthalmology (ARVO). He serves as Chair of the Retina Society’s Website and Communications Committee and is a Retina/Vitreous committee member of the AAO Ophthalmic News and Education (ONE) Network. He has received the ASRS Honor Award, ASRS Senior Honor Award, and the AAO Achievement Award. His academic accomplishments include over 200 peer-reviewed publications, editorials, book chapters, and scientific abstracts. Dr. Hsu has presented scientific papers at dozens of national and international ophthalmic conferences in addition to serving as a course instructor and symposium chair at the annual AAO meeting. He is a member of the editorial board for Retinal Cases and Brief Reports, Retina Today, and Retina Specialist. He serves as section editor for Current Opinion in Ophthalmology as well as ASRS’s Retina Times and is a peer reviewer for all the major ophthalmology journals. In addition, Dr. Hsu has been principal investigator or co-investigator at Wills Eye Hospital for many national and international clinical trials pertaining to age-related macular degeneration, diabetic retinopathy, uveitis, and retinal vein occlusions. Allen Chiang, MD is Associate Professor of Ophthalmology at the Sidney Kimmel Medical College of Thomas Jefferson University and is an active member of the Retina Service of Wills Eye Hospital. He received his medical degree from New York University with Alpha Omega Alpha honors, followed by a residency in ophthalmology at the Stein Eye Institute at University of California, Los Angeles, where he earned the Resident Awards for excellence in surgery and clinical research. He then completed a fellowship in retinal diseases and surgery at Wills Eye Hospital and was the recipient of the William Tasman, MD Fellow award. After practicing in the San Francisco Bay Area, he returned to Philadelphia and is currently a partner at Wills Eye Physicians—Mid Atlantic Retina. His academic accomplishments include over 80 peer-reviewed journal articles, editorials, textbook chapters, and scientific abstracts. Dr. Chiang serves on the Peer Review Committee of Wills Eye Hospital, several committees of Wills Eye Physicians—Mid Atlantic Retina, the retina/vitreous section of the editorial board for the AAO ONE Network, and as an ad-hoc reviewer for multiple ophthalmology journals. He is actively engaged in clinical research and is the principal investigator on multiple clinical trials for conditions such as macular degeneration and diabetic retinopathy. He is a member of the Retina Society, ASRS, AAO, ARVO, and Vit Buckle Society, and is a past ASRS Honor Award recipient.

Dedication Acknowledgments About the Editors Contributing Authors Introduction Chapter 1 Macular Diseases Non-Exudative (Dry) Age-Related Macular Degeneration Wet Age-Related Macular Degeneration Epiretinal Membrane (Macular Pucker) Full-Thickness Macular Hole Vitreomacular Traction Cystoid Macular Edema Myopic Degeneration Angioid Streaks Polypoidal Choroidal Vasculopathy Central Serous Chorioretinopathy Optic Disc Pit Maculopathy Choroidal Folds Hypotony Maculopathy Chapter 2 Retinal Vascular Diseases Nonproliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy Diabetic Macular Edema Cotton Wool Spots Hypertensive Retinopathy Retinal Artery Occlusion Retinal Vein Occlusion Ocular Ischemic Syndrome Retinal Artery Macroaneurysm Macular Telangiectasia Sickle Cell Retinopathy Radiation Retinopathy Chapter 3 Infectious Inflammatory Diseases Endophthalmitis Ocular Toxoplasmosis Presumed Ocular Histoplasmosis Syndrome Candida Chorioretinitis Syphilitic Chorioretinitis Acute Retinal Necrosis Progressive Outer Retinal Necrosis Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Human Immunodeficiency VirusRetinopathy Ocular Toxocariasis Diffuse Unilateral Subacute Neuroretinopathy Eales Disease Chapter 4 Noninfectious Inflammatory Diseases Multifocal Choroiditis Posterior Scleritis Multiple Evanescent White Dot Syndrome Acute Posterior Multifocal Placoid Pigment Epitheliopathy Serpiginous Chorioretinitis Birdshot Chorioretinopathy Ocular Sarcoidosis Behçet's Disease Vogt-Koyanagi-Harada Disease Sympathetic Ophthalmia Intermediate Uveitis (Pars Planitis) Chapter 5 Retinal Degenerations and Dystrophies Retinitis Pigmentosa Cone Dystrophies Stargardt Disease Congenital Stationary Night Blindness Vitelliform Macular Dystrophy Pattern Dystrophies Choroideremia Ocular and Oculocutaneous Albinism Autoimmune Retinopathies Chapter 6 Pediatric Retinal Diseases Retinopathy of Prematurity Familial Exudative Vitreoretinopathy Coats Disease Chorioretinal Coloboma Persistent Fetal Vasculature X-Linked Retinoschisis Early-Onset Severe Retinal Dystrophy and Leber Congenital Amaurosis Incontinentia Pigmenti Chapter 7 Trauma-Related Retinopathies Commotio Retinae Choroidal Rupture Chorioretinitis Sclopetaria Avulsion of the Vitreous Base Photic Injury Valsalva Retinopathy Shaken Baby Syndrome Terson's Syndrome Purtscher and Purtscher-Like Retinopathy Chapter 8 Drug-Related Retinopathies Crystalline Retinopathy Chloroquine/HydroxychloroquineRetinal Toxicity Phenothiazine-Associated Retinopathy MEK Inhibitor Retinopathy Chapter 9 Peripheral Retinal Diseases Retinal Tears Lattice Degeneration Cobblestone Degeneration Peripheral Retinoschisis Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Exudative Retinal Detachment Choroidal Detachment Chapter 10 Retinal and Choroidal Tumors Choroidal Nevus Choroidal Melanoma Congenital Hypertrophy of theRetinal Pigment Epithelium Optic Disc Melanocytoma Combined Hamartoma of the Retina andRetinal Pigment Epithelium Retinal Astrocytic Hamartoma Retinoblastoma Capillary Hemangioma (Hemangioblastoma) Retinal Cavernous Hemangioma Choroidal Hemangioma Retinal Racemose Hemangioma Choroidal Osteoma Choroidal Metastasis Choroidal Lymphoma Primary Vitreoretinal Lymphoma Retinal Vasoproliferative Tumor Financial Disclosures Index