Cardiology E-Dition

Preface Contributors SECTION 1: ATHEROSCLEROSIS AND PREVENTION 1.Pathogenesis of atherosclerosis Goran Hansson and Jan Nilsson 2.Epidemiology of cardiovascular diseases Kjell Asplund 3.Risk factors and lifestyle interventions Konrad Jamrozik 4.Assessment of cardiac risk Edward Winslow 5.Special problems in the prevention of cardiovascular disease: Diabetes mellitus type 2 Virgil Brown and Warren Davis Menopausal women Virgil Brown and Warren Davis Nontraditional risk factors for coronary disease David Waters 6.Therapeutic approaches to the diabetic patient Mary Ellen Sweeney and David Orchard 7.Physical activity and the cardiovascular system Calin Maniu, Thomas Flipse, Norman Patton and Gerald Fletcher 8.Therapy of hyperlipidemia Lori Mosca 9.Special problems in hyperlipidemia therapy: Child with hypercholesterolemia Virgil Brown and Warren Davis Transplant patient Virgil Brown and Warren Davis Hypercholesterolemia in the elderly Virgil Brown and Warren Davis Elevated lipoprotein(a) Virgil Brown and Warren Davis 10.Diagnosis of vascular disease Charles Tegeler and Disya Ratanakorn NONCARDIAC VASCULAR DISEASES 11.Arterial diseases of the limbs Bengt Fagrell 12.Cerebral vascular diseases Kjell Asplund and Markku Fagerlund 13.Thoracic aorta disease Jorge Wernly 14.Abdominal aortic aneurysms Ian Franklin and Roger Greenhalgh 15.Venous disease Agnes Lee 16.Surgery for vascular disease David Bergqvist 17.Special problems in vascular disease: Compromise of an internal thoracic artery to coronary artery graft by subclavian artery disease Michael Crawford and Mark Langsfeld Localized lymphedema Michael Crawford and Mark Langsfeld SECTION 2: ISCHEMIC HEART DISEASE 1.Physiology of coronary circulation Eric Feigl and Wolfgang Schaper 2.Coronary artery anomalies Allen Taylor and Renu Virmani 3.Pathophysiology of myocardial ischemia PK Shah and Erling Falk 4.Noninvasive diagnosis of IHD George Beller 5.Invasive diagnosis of IHD William Kussmaul 6.Special diagnostic issues in IHD: The patient with chest pain, a positive stress test and normal coronary arteries Jonathan Abrams The patient with coronary artery disease and acute heart failure Jonathan Abrams The patient with coronary artery disease and chronic heart failure Jonathan Abrams STABLE CORONARY SYNDROMES 7.Chronic stable angina pectoris Udho Thadani 8.Variant angina pectoris Juan Kaski and Ramon Arroyo-Espliguero 9.Microvascular angina pectoris and cardiac syndrome X Hans Erik Botker 10.Asymptomatic myocardial ischemia Prakash Deedwania 11.Special problems in myocardial ischemia: Management of variant angina breakthrough Carl Pepine and Stephen Monroe Mangement of the nonrevascularization candidate with severe angina Carl Pepine and Stephen Monroe Treatment of silent ischemia Carl Pepine and Stephen Monroe Treatment of microvascular angina Carl Pepine and Stephen Monroe Viagra, sexual activity and the cardiac patient Jonathan Abrams ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROMES 12.Diagnosis of acute myocardial ischaemia and infarction Allan Jaffe, Jorge Davidenko and Ian Clements 13.Unstable angina and non-ST-elevation MI Lars Wallentin, Bertil Lindahl and Agneta Siegbahn 14.The early phase of acute myocardial infarction Freek Verheugt 15.Subacute in-hospital phase of ST-segment elevation MI Timothy Denton 16.Complications of acute MI Bojan Cercek and PK Shah 17.Surgery for the complications of MI Carlos Blanche 18.Post-hospital phase of an acute coronary syndrome Christopher Cannon and Sidney Smith 19.Special problems in acute coronary syndromes: Right ventricular infarction Peter Clemmensen AMI and normal coronary arteries Peter Clemmensen and Peer Grande Nonreperfused AMI after thrombolytic therapy Peter Clemmensen NON-PHARMACOLOGIC TREATMENT OF IHD 20.Catheter based techniques to treat IHD Pim de Feyter 21.Surgery for IHD Kenton Zehr and Hartzell Schaff 22.Special problems in non-pharmacologic therapy: Unprotected left main coronary angioplasty Michael Ragosta Chronic total occlusion Michael Ragosta Saphenous vein graft interventions Michael Ragosta Percutaneous intervention of cardiac allograft vasculopathy Michael Ragosta In-stent restenosis Michael Ragosta SECTION 3: HYPERTENSIVE HEART DISEASE 1.Etiology and pathogenesis of systemic hypertension David Calhoun, M. Amin Zaman and Suzanne Oparil 2.Epidemiology of hypertension Ivan Perry 3.Clinical recognition of hypertension Shawna Nesbitt, Wanpen Vongpatanasin and Ronald Victor 4.Complications of hypertension: heart Chim Lang and Greg Lip 5.Complications of hypertension: kidney Domenic Sica 6.Complications of hypertension: stroke John Potter 7.Nonpharmacologic treatment of hypertension Francesco Cappuccio and Alphonso Siani 8.Pharmacologic treatment S. Luke Kusmirek, Aris Efstratopoulos and George Bakris 9.Hypertension crises Gareth Beevers and Greg Lip 10.Diagnosis and treatment of secondary hypertension David Martins and Keith Norris 11.Difficult hypertension management issues: Hypertension and ethnicity Greg Lip and Gareth Beevers Hypertension in pregnancy: pre-eclampsia David Churchill Perioperative hypertension William Elliott Ambulatory blood pressure monitoring William White Diabetes and hypertension Samy I. McFarlane and James Sowers Resistant hypertension Ronald Victor Hypertension in the context of acute myocardial infarction and acute coronary interventions Greg Lip Concomitant therapy use in hypertension George Bakris SECTION 4: CARDIAC ARRHYTHMIAS 1.Basic cardiac electrophysiology and anatomy Mark Anderson and Dan Roden 2.Antiarrhythmic drug therapy Paul Dorian and Wendy Lau 3.Principles of catheter ablation David Haines 4.Syncope Andrew Krahn, George Klein, Raymond Yee and Allan Skanes BRADYARRHYTHMIAS 5.Sinus node dysfunction John DiMarco 6.Atrioventricular and intraventricular conduction disorders Nadir Saoudi, Jean Paul Rinaldi, Manuel Imianitoff, Khelil Yaici, Jean Marc Coutelourd, Marc Bergonzi and Phillipe Ricard 7.Cardiac pacing Henning Rud Andersen and Jens Cosedis Nielsen 8.Special problems in cardiac pacing: Pacemaker syndrome Mark Wood Temporary cardiac pacing Mark Wood Diagnostic and surgical procedures in pacemaker patients Mark Wood Pacemaker lead extraction Mark Wood Biventricular pacing for congestive heart failure Mark Wood SUPRAVENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS 9.Supraventricular tachycardia Carlos Morillo 10.Atrial fibrillation Greg Lip, Michael Mangram and John DiMarco 11.Atrial flutter and atrial tachycardia Francis Murgatroyd 12.Pre-excitation syndromes James Leitch, Pru Hereford Ashley and Malcolm Barlow 13.Special problems in supraventricular arrhythmias: Syncope in paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia Chin-Feng Tsai and Shi-Ann Chen Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation Chin-Feng Tsai and Shi-Ann Chen Cycle length alternation in supraventricular tachycardia Chin-Feng Tsai and Shi-Ann Chen Atrial flutter Bruce Walker Postoperative atrial fibrillation Bruce Walker Atrial Fibrillation and Anticoagulation Bruce Walker VENTRICULAR ARRHYTHMIAS 14.Ventricular tachycardia Martin Borggreffe, Gunther Breithardt and Christian Wolpert 15.Repolarization syndromes: Long QT, Brugada etc. Katherine Murray and Dan Roden 16.Sudden cardiac death Paul LeLorier and Kevin Monahan 17.Cardiac arrest resuscitation Jose Joglar and Rick Page 18.Surgery for cardiac arrhythmias Patricia Bakker 19.Implantable defibrillators Kathy Lee and Chu-Pak Lau 20.Special problems in ventricular arrhythmias: Multiple shocks from an implanted defibrillator caused by frequent episodes of ventricular tachycardia John Miller and Mithilesh Das Multiple shocks from an implanted defibrillator in a supra ventricular arrythmia John Miller and Mithilesh Das Syncope in a patient with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy John Miller and Mithilesh Das A young woman with palpitations and ventricular tachycardia John Miller and Mithilesh Das Nonsustained ventricular tachycardia following anterior myocardial infarction John Miller and Mithilesh Das SECTION 5: HEART FAILURE AND CARDIOMYOPATHY 1.Physiology of the normal and failing heart Helmut Drexler and Gerd Hasenfuss 2.Assessment of the patient with heart failure Ayan Patel and Marvin Konstam 3.Acute heart failure and shock Steven Hollenberg, Mitchell Saltzberg, Jeffrey Soble and Joseph Parrillo CONGESTIVE HEART FAILURE 4.Heart failure due to systolic dysfunction Gary Francis and Wai Tang 5.Management of the patient with chronic heart failure Barry Massie 6.Heart failure with normal left ventricular ejection fraction: a manifestation of diastolic dysfunction William Gaasch and Edgar Schick 7.Arrhythmias in heart failure Lars Eckardt, Wilhelm Haverkamp, Dirk Bocker and Gunter Breithardt 8.Surgery assist devices and cardiac transplantation for heart failure James Young 9.Special problems in chronic heart failure: Mechanisms of exercise intolerance and exercise training Kai C. Wollert, Helmut Drexler and Andrew Coats Cardiac cachexia Kai C. Wollert, Helmut Drexler and Andrew Coats Renal dysfunction in heart failure Kai C. Wollert, Helmut Drexler and Andrew Coats Anemia in Heart Failure Kai C. Wollert, Helmut Drexler and Andrew Coats Depression in Heart Failure Kai C. Wollert, Helmut Drexler and Andrew Coats Disease Management Kai C. Wollert, Helmut Drexler and Andrew Coats MYOCARDITIS AND CARDIOMYOPATHY 10.Myocarditis and inflammatory cardiomyopathy Heinz-Peter Schultheiss and Uwe Kuehl 11.Dilated and toxic cardiomyopathy John O'Connell and Mohammad Akkad 12.Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Perry Elliott, William McKenna and Sebastian Reith 13.Special problems in myocarditis and cardiomyopathy: Peripartum cardiomyopathy Mohammed W. Akhter, Afshan Hameed and Uri ElKayam Chagas' heart disease Harry Acquatella Tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy Harry Acquatella Diabetic cardiomyopathy Mitchell Saltzburg and Barry Massie CARDIAC CONSTRICTION AND RESTRICTION 14.Restrictive and infiltrative cardiomyopathies Naveen Pereira and William Dec, Jr. 15.Pericardial disease Samer Kabbani and Martin LeWinter RIGHT-HEART FAILURE 16.Pulmonary hypertension and intrinsic pulmonary vascular disease Vallerie McLauchlin 17.Right heart failure and cor pulmonale W. MacNee and K. Skwarski 18.Pulmonary embolism Stavros Konstantinides and Wolfgang Kasper SECTION 6: VALVULAR HEART DISEASE 1.Non-invasive assessment of valvular function Otto Smiseth, Reidar Bjornerheim and Sigurd Nitter-Hause 2.Invasive assessment of valvular function Barbara Julius, Stephan Windecker and Otto Hess 3.Rheumatic fever Mohammed Essop and Tanvier Omar MITRAL VALVE DISEASES 4.Mitral stenosis John Carroll and Julie Plenge 5.Mitral regurgitation Blase Carabello 6.Mitral valve prolapse Richard Devereux 7.Secondary mitral regurgitation Matthew A. Romano, Iva A. Smolens and Stephen F. Bolling 8.Special problems in mitral valve disease: New onset atrial fibrillation in asymptomatic mitral stenosis Bernard Iung, Bertrand Cormier and Alec Vahanian Echocardiography and mitral valve repair: its use in Marfan's syndrome Bernard Iung, Bertrand Cormier and Alec Vahanian Thromboembolic risk in mitral stenosis Bernard Iung, Bertrand Cormier and Alec Vahanian Mitral stenosis and pregnancy Bernard Iung, Bertrand Cormier and Alec Vahanian Radiation Valve Disease Theo Meyer and Gerard Aurigemma Vasodilators in mitral regurgitation Bill Gaasch 9.Aortic stenosis David Shavelle and Catherine Otto 10.Acute aortic regurgitation Gerard Aurigemma and Theo Meyer 11.Chronic aortic regurgitation Walter Paulus 12.Special problems in aortic valve disease: Low gradient, low output aortic stenosis Paul Grayburn Mild-to-moderate aortic stenosis in patients undergoing bypass surgery Paul Grayburn fen phen valve disease Dr. Bruce Shively RIGHT-HEART VALVE DISEASE AND ENDOCARDITIS 13.Tricuspid and pulmonic valve disease Theo Meyer and Dennis Tighe 14.Infective endocarditis Jean Acar and Pierre-Louis Michel SURGICAL TREATMENT OF VALVULAR HEART DISEASE 15.Surgery for valvular heart disease Christophe Acar and Pierre Theodore 16.Management of the post surgical valve disease patient Patrick Parrino, Aditya Kaza and John Kern 17.Special problems in the surgically treated valve disease patient: How to treat perivalvular leaks Sandro Betocchi, Maria Angela Losi and Massimo Chiariello Pregnancy and anticoagulants Sandro Betocchi, Maria Angela Losi and Massimo Chiariello Postoperative management of myocardial dysfunction in valvular surgical treatment Sandro Betocchi, Maria Angela Losi and Massimo Chiariello SECTION 7: CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 1.Epidemiology of congenital heart disease Cynthia Morris 2.Embryology of congenital heart disease Adrianna Gittenberger de Groot, Marco Deruiter, Margot Bartelings and Robert Poelmann 3.Prenatal diagnosis of congenital heart disease Yasuki Maeno 4.Diagnostic pathways for evaluation of congenital heart disease Tal Geva and Jaqueline Kreutzer CARDIAC DEFECTS 5.Atrial septal defect Masahiro Ishii 6.Anomalous pulmonary venous connection Samuel Ritter and Rebecca Snider 7.Ventricular septal defect Kimberly Krabill 8.Tetralogy of Fallot and truncus arteriosus Kazuo Momma 9.Transposition of the great arteries Thomas Kimball 10.Pulmonary atresia with ventricular septal defect Daniel Murphy and Roger Mee 11.Left heart outflow obstructions Gautam Singh and Syamasunder Rao 12.Hypoplastic left heart syndrome Girish Shirali and Constance Cephus 13.Ebstein's anomaly Robin Shaughnessy 14.Pulmonary stenosis Teiji Akagi 15.Pulmonary Atresia with Intact Ventricular Septum Frank Smith 16.Atrioventricular canal defects Craig Fleishman and Gerald Marx 17.Tricuspid atresia and single ventricle Luc Mertens and Donald Hagler VASCULAR ABNORMALITIES 18.Patent ductus arteriosis Dierk Redel 19.Coarctation of the aorta Mataichi Ohkubo and Toshihiro Ino 20.Vascular compression of the upper airways Deane Waldman 21.Kawasaki's disease Hirohisa Kato MANAGEMENT ISSUES IN CONGENITAL HEART DISEASE 22.Arrhythmias in congenital heart disease Victoria Vetter 23.Adult congenital heart disease David Celermajer 24.Special problems in adult congenital heart disease: Pregnancy in the woman with Eisenmenger syndrome George Pantely and Victor Menashe Thromboembolic complications after the Fontan procedure George Pantely, Mark Morton and Victor Menashe Late systemic right ventricular failure in transposition of the great arteries George Pantely and Victor Menashe SECTION 8: SECONDARY HEART DISEASE SYSTEMIC DISEASES AND THE HEART 1.Chronic renal disease Nikolaos Kaperonis and George Bakris 2.Obesity Scott Grundy and Nicola Abate 3.The neurogenic heart Arturo Tamayo and Vladimir Hachinski 4.Endocrinology and the heart Sylvia Vela 5.Rheumatologic diseases Carlos Roldan 6.AIDS Catherine Decker, Peter Sklar and Henry Masur 7.Cardiac tumors Colette Guiraudon 8.Hematologic disease Stuart Hutchison and Patrick Disney 9.Neuromuscular disease Benjamin Sanchez and Ileana Pina CARDIAC RESPONSES TO PHYSIOLOGIC STRESS 10.Aging and geriatric heart disease Rose Anne Kenny and Colette Seifer 11.Pregnancy in the heart disease patient Laura Collins and Pamela Douglas 12.Athletes heart Barry Maron 13.Psychological influences on the heart Kristina Orth-Gomer, Margaret Chesney and Gerdie Weidner CARDIAC RESPONSES TO ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS 14.Trauma M.L. Myers, A. Cheung and William Sibbald 15.Radiation Jacob Adams, Louis Constine and Stephen Lipshultz 16.High altitude Stuart Hutchison 17.Alternative cardiovascular medical therapies William Kostuk CONSULT ISSUES 18.Perioperative evaluation of the cardiac patient Michael Crawford 19.Surgery and the cardiac patient Dennis Mangano 20.Employment and insurability William Dafoe 21.Anticoagulation in heart disease Michael Ezekowitz, Abhay Dhond and Pavlo Netrebko 22.Special problems for the cardiology consultant: Cocaine-induced cardiovascular disease Paul Tanser Munchausen's syndrome with cardiac manifestations Paul Tanser Behavioural modification in cardiac disease with inappropriate disability Paul Tanser Peripheral vascular disease as a predictor of significant coronary artery disease Paul Tanser Sexual dysfunction in patients with cardiac disease Paul Tanser Obesity and heart disease Paul Tanser Hypotension during hemodialysis Michael Crawford Index