CO2 Biofixation by Microalgae (eBook)

Sihem Tebbani is Associate Professor in the Automatic Control department at SUPELEC in Gif-sur-Yvette, France. Her research interests include modeling, estimation, optimization and control of bioprocesses, and more particularly of microalgae and bacteria cultures. Filipa Lopes is Associate Professor at LGPM, Ecole Centrale Paris, France. Her research interests are in the field of biological engineering with a focus on biofilms (biofouling, disinfection, dispersion, modeling) and bioprocess development (bacteria, microalgae) for wastewater treatment, high-value products and bio-energy production. Rayen Filali has a PhD in Automatic Control obtained at SUPELEC in Gif-sur-Yvette, France. His PhD thesis, in the framework of a collaboration between SUPELEC and Ecole Centrale Paris, deals with the estimation and the robust control laws of microalgae cultures for the optimization of CO2 biological consumption. Didier Dumur is Professor in the Automatic Control department at SUPELEC in Gif-sur-Yvette, France. His research interests cover theoretical and methodological aspects related to predictive control strategies and their application in multiple domains (robotics, bioprocesses, temperature control of buildings, etc.). Dominique Pareau is Professor at LGPM and Director of the White Biotechnologies Chair of the Ecole Centrale Paris, France. Her research concerns chemical engineering and biotechnologies, from the understanding of microscopic phenomena to process design, by coupling modeling and experimentation, with applications in the fields of agroresources, microalgae, waste and effluent treatments.

Introduction ix

Chapter 1 Microalgae 1

1.1 Definition 1

1.2 Characteristics 2

1.3 Uses of microalgae 3

1.4 Microalgae cultivation systems 10

1.5 Factors affecting algae cultivation 14

1.6 Conclusion 21

Chapter 2 CO2 Biofixation 23

2.1 Selection of microalgae species 25

2.2 Optimization of the photobioreactor design 31

2.3 Conclusion 32

Chapter 3 Bioprocess Modeling 33

3.1 Operating modes 33

3.2 Growth rate modeling 37

3.3 Mass balance models 47

3.4 Model parameter identification 49

3.5 Example: Chlorella vulgaris culture 51

3.6 Conclusion 63

Chapter 4 Estimation of Biomass Concentration 65

4.1 Generalities on estimation 65

4.2 State of the art 68

4.3 Kalman filter 72

4.4 Asymptotic observer 80

4.5 Interval observer 84

4.6 Experimental validation on Chlorella vulgaris culture 98

4.7 Conclusion 101

Chapter 5 Bioprocess Control 103

5.1 Determination of optimal operating conditions 104

5.2 Generalities on control 106

5.3 State of the art 108

5.4 Generic Model Control 110

5.5 Input/output linearizing control 114

5.6 Nonlinear model predictive control 119

5.7 Application to Chlorella vulgaris cultures 132

5.8 Conclusion 144

Conclusion 147

Bibliography 153

Index 173