Spectroscopy and Characterization of Nanomaterials and Novel Materials (eBook)

Prabhakar Misra is Professor in the Department of Physics and Astronomy at Howard University, Washington DC, USA. He has more than 25 years work experience in (i) Raman spectroscopy of nanomaterials, (ii) detection and spectroscopic characterization of free radicals, stable molecules, molecular ions and ionic clusters, (iii) high resolution molecular spectroscopy in the infrared employing, and (iv) absorption of short-pulsed laser radiation.

Preface xix
About the Editor xxvii

Part I Spectroscopy and Characterization 1

1 Spectroscopic Characterization of Graphitic Nanomaterials and Metal Oxides for Gas Sensing 3
Olasunbo Farinre, Hawazin Alghamdi, and Prabhakar Misra
1.1 Introduction and Overview 3
1.1.1 Graphitic Nanomaterials 3
1.1.1.1 Synthesis of Graphitic Nanomaterials 5
1.1.2 Metal Oxides 8
1.2 Spectroscopic Characterization of Graphitic Nanomaterials and Metal Oxides 9
1.2.1 Graphitic Nanomaterials 9
1.2.1.1 Characterization of Carbon Nanotubes (CNTs) 10
1.2.1.2 Characterization of Graphene and Graphene Nanoplatelets (GnPs) 11
1.2.2 Characterization of Tin Dioxide (SnO2) 12
1.3 Graphitic Nanomaterials and Metal Oxide-Based Gas Sensors 19
1.3.1 Fabrication of Graphitic Nanomaterials-Based Gas Sensors 19
1.3.1.1 Carbon Nanotube (CNT)-Based Gas Sensors 19
1.3.1.2 Graphene and Graphene Nanoplatelet (GnP)-Based Gas Sensors 20
1.3.2 Fabrication of Metal Oxide-Based Gas Sensors 21
1.3.2.1 Tin Dioxide (SnO2)-Based Gas Sensors 23
1.4 Conclusions and Future Work 24 Acknowledgments 26 References 26

2 Low-dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials: Synthesis, Properties, and Applications Related to Heat Transfer, Energy Harvesting, and Energy Storage 33
Mahesh Vaka, Tejaswini Rama Bangalore Ramakrishna, Khalid Mohammad, and Rashmi Walvekar
2.1 Introduction 33
2.2 Synthesis and Properties of Low-dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials 35
2.2.1 Zero-dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials (0-DCNs) 35
2.2.1.1 Fullerene 35
2.2.1.2 Carbon-encapsulated Metal Nanoparticles 35
2.2.1.3 Nanodiamond 37
2.2.2 Onion-like Carbons 38
2.2.3 One-dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials 39
2.2.3.1 Carbon Nanotube 39
2.2.3.2 Carbon Fibers 39
2.2.4 Two-dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials 40
2.3 Applications 42
2.3.1 Hydrogen Storage 42
2.3.2 Solar Cells 43
2.3.3 Thermal Energy Storage 44
2.3.4 Energy Conversion 45
2.4 Conclusions 46
References 46

3 Mesoscale Spin Glass Dynamics 55
Samaresh Guchhait
3.1 Introduction 55
3.2 What Is a Spin Glass? 56
3.2.1 Spin Glass and Its Correlation Length 57
3.2.2 Mesoscale Spin Glass Dynamics 60
3.3 Summary 64 Acknowledgments 64 References 64

4 Raman Spectroscopy Characterization of Mechanical and Structural Properties of Epitaxial Graphene 67
Amira Ben Gouider Trabelsi, Feodor V. Kusmartsev, Anna Kusmartseva, and Fatemah Homoud Alkallas
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 Epitaxial Graphene Mechanical Properties Investigation 68
4.2.1 Optical Location of Epitaxial Graphene Layers 68
4.2.2 Raman Location of Mechanical Properties Changes 71
4.2.2.1 Graphene 2D Mode 71
4.2.2.2 G Mode Investigation 74
4.2.2.3 Strain Percentage 76
4.3 Raman Polarization Study 77
4.3.1 Size Domain of Graphene Layer 77
4.3.2 Polarization Study 78
4.4 Conclusions 80 Acknowledgments 80 References 80

5 Raman Spectroscopy Studies of III?V Type II Superlattices 83
Henan Liu and Yong Zhang
5.1 Introduction 83
5.2 Raman Study on InAs/GaSb SL 84
5.2.1 Analysis on (001) Scattering Geometry 85
5.2.2 Analysis on (110) Scattering Geometry 86
5.3 Raman Study on InAs/InAs1-xSbx SL 90
5.3.1 Raman Results for the Constituent Bulks and InAs1-xSbx Alloys 90
5.3.2 Analysis on (001) Scattering Geometry for the SLs 93
5.3.3 Analysis on (110) Scattering for the SLs 95
5.4 A Comparison Among the InAs/InAs1-xSbx, InAs/GaSb, and GaAs/AlAs SLs 97
5.5 Conclusion 98
References 98

6 Dissecting the Molecular Properties of Nanoscale Materials Using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy 101
Nipanshu Agarwal and Krishna Mohan Poluri
6.1 Introduction to Nanomaterials 101
6.2 Techniques Used for Characterization of Nanomaterials 104
6.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) Spectroscopy 105
6.3.1 Principle of NMR Spectroscopy 106
6.3.2 Various NMR Techniques Used in Nanomaterial Characterization 106
6.3.2.1 One-dimensional NMR Spectroscopy 108
6.3.2.2 Relaxometry (T1 and T2) 108
6.3.2.3 Two-dimensional NMR Spectroscopy 110
6.3.3 Advantages and Disadvantages of Using NMR Spectroscopy