Jus Post Bellum: The Rediscovery, Foundations, and Future of the Law of Transforming War into Peace

Jens Iverson, Ph.D. (2017), is Assistant Professor of Law at Leiden. He has edited volumes and published many articles on jus post bellum, including Just Peace after conflict: Jus Post Bellum and the Justice of Peace (OUP 2020); War Aims Matter, Jus Post Bellum: Environmental Protection and Transitions from Conflict to Peace (OUP 2017); Jus Post Bellum and Foreign Investment; Jus Post Bellum: Mapping the Normative Foundations (OUP 2014); Transitional Justice, and Jus Post Bellum and International Criminal Law.

 Introduction

 AIntroducing the Theme of Jus Post Bellum

 BSummary

 CProblematizatio

 DResearch aims

 EResearch questions

 FPropositions

 GConceptual framework

 HAddressees of Jus Post Bellum

 IExplanation of Structure

 Part 1

 

 1Past – The Deep Roots of Jus Post Bellum

 AIntroduction

 BHistorical Development

 1Augustine of Hippo (354-430)

 2Institutes of Justinian (533)

 3Raymond of Penafort (1175-1275) (Decretals of Gregory IX)

 4Thomas Aquinas (1225-1274)

 5Baldus de Ubaldis (1327-1400)

 6Francisco de Vitoria (1492 – 1546)

 7Francisco Suarez (1548-1617)

 8Alberico Gentili (1552- 1608)

 9Petrus Gudelinus (1550-1619)

 10Hugo Grotius (1583-1645)

 11Christian Wolff (1679-1754)

 12Emer de Vattel (1714-1767)

 13Immanuel Kant (1724-1804)

 CConclusion

 2Exploration of Sister Terms

 AJus In Bello

 BJus Ad Bellum

 CImport for Jus Post Bellum and the Trichotomy

 3Three Approaches to Jus Post Bellum

 AIntroduction

 BTemporal Approach

 CFunctional Approach

 DHybrid Approach

 ELex Specialis and Lex Generalis

 FInterplay

 GHybrid Approach to Jus Post Bellum

 4Present – An Exploration of Contemporary Usage

 AThe Existing Matrix of Definitions: A Review of Contemporary Scholarship

 1Introduction

 2Identifying the Definitional Dichotomy — Functional vs. Temporal

 3Problems of the Dichotomy

 4Importance

 5Empirical Analysis

 BContrasting Jus Post Bellum and Transitional Justice

 1Introduction

 2The Grotian Tradition

 3Basic Definitions

 4Contrasting the Content of Transitional Justice and Jus Post Bellum

 5Temporal Contrast – the Dynamics

 6Specific to Global Contrast

 7Legal Contrast

 8Historical Foundations

 9Going Forward – Continuing the Grotian Tradition

 5Empirical Analysis of the Literature

 AIntroduction

 BMethod

 CFindings

 1Summary Findings

 2Unclassifiable

 3Functional Definitions

 4Temporal Definitions

 DConclusion 195

 Part 2

 

 6Jus Post Bellum in the context of International and Non-International Armed Conflict

 AIntroduction

 BJus In Bello in IAC and NIAC

 CJus Ad Bellum in IAC and NIAC

 DJus Post Bellum in IAC and NIAC

 1Complications

 2Prohibitions and Facilitations

 3More Procedural Aspects

 4Mixed Procedural and Substantive Aspects

 5More Substantive Aspects

 EConclusion

 7Contemporary Legal Content of Jus Post Bellum

 AIntroduction

 1Chapter Focus

 2Responses to Critical Approaches to Jus Post Bellum

 BProcedural Fairness and Peace Agreements

 1Article 52 of the Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties

 2Other Considerations of procedural fairness

 CThe Responsibility to Protect

 DTerritorial Dispute Resolution

 1Prohibition of Annexation

 2Self-determination

 EConsequences of an Act of Aggression

 FInternational Territorial Administration and Trusteeship

 GThe Law Applicable in a Territory in Transition

 1The Law of State Succession

 2Human Rights Law and the Rights and Interests of Minorities

 3The Laws of Occupation

 HThe Scope of Individual Criminal Responsibility

 IOdious Debt

 JAlternative structuring of Jus Post Bellum

 KConclusion

 8Future? Rethinking Transformative Occupation and Democratization

 AIntroduction

 BThe Interests of Groups in the Transition to Peace

 CJus Post Bellum and Democratization

 DThe Problem of Undemocratic Transitions to Peace

 1The Natural Tendencies of Unguided Transitions to Peace to Favor the Powerful

 2The Limitations of Public International Law and Traditional International Humanitarian Law

 3The Limitations of Human Rights Law, Transitional Justice, and International Criminal Law

 ETransformative Occupation and Democratic peace

 1The Problem of Transformative Occupation

 2Kant’s Concept of a Warlike Constitution

 3Democratic Peace

 4The Role of Protecting the Rights and Interests of Women in a Democracy

 FArgument for Democratization in the Transition to Peace

 GTransformative Occupation that Considers Group Interests and Participation Aiding the Transition to Peace

 9Conclusions

 AKey Strengths

 1Broad and Increasing Interest

 2Foundation

 BKey Weaknesses

 1Lack of Consensus

 2Difficulties of Integrating a Range of Sources

 CKey Opportunities

 1The Opportunity to Clarify a Range of Areas of Law and Practice

 2The Opportunity to Contribute to the Establishment of Just and Enduring Peace

 DKey Threats

 1The Threat of Politicization

 2The Threat of Discouraging Peace

 EFinal Conclusion

 Bibliography

 ALiterature

 a.Table of Cases

 b.Table of Treaties

 c.UN Documents

 d.Miscellaneous Sources

 e.Online Sources

 Index