Studies in Dyadic Communication (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Studies in Dyadic Communication 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Acknowledgments 8
The Authors 10
Chapter 1. Introduction 12
References 19
Part I: Experimental Manipulations of Interviewer Variables 20
Chapter 2. Interview Structure and Interviewer Style in Initial Interviews1 22
INFLUENCE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 22
THE EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF INTERVIEWS 23
INTERVIEW AND THERAPY DYADS 24
TYPICAL PROCEDURE 25
SOME EXPERIMENTAL RESULTS 26
DEPENDENCY AND INTERVIEWER STYLE 31
PATIENT REACTIONS TO INTERVIEWER STYLE 34
OVERVIEW AND CONCLUSIONS 37
References 40
Chapter 3. The Effects of Ambiguity and Anxiety On Interviewee Verbal Behavior 42
SOME BASIC ASSUMPTIONS 42
INTERVIEWER AMBIGUITY 43
PREVIOUS FINDINGS ON AMBIGUITY AND PRODUCTIVITY 44
NATURALISTIC vs. EXPERIMENTAL INTERVIEWS 45
THE EFFECTS OF INTERVIEWER AMBIGUITY ON INTERVIEWEE PRODUCTIVITY AND VERBAL FLUENCY: FIRST EXPERIMENT 46
THE EFFECTS OF INTERVIEWER AMBIGUITY ON INTERVIEWEE VERBAL BEHAVIOR: SECOND EXPERIMENT 55
DISCUSSION 59
RELATIONSHIP AMBIGUITY AND INTERVIEWEE VERBAL BEHAVIOR: TWO EXPERIMENTS 61
ANXIETY AND SPEECH 65
THE EFFECTS OF ANXIETY ON INTERVIEWEE VERBAL BEHAVIOR: AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION 67
A NATURALISTIC STUDY ON THE EFFECTS OF ANXIETY ON SPEECH 70
A GENERAL DISCUSSION 73
References 79
Chapter 4. Relationship and Verbal Behavior in the Initial Interview1 82
INTERVIEWEE ATTRACTION TO INTERVIEWER 83
INTERVIEWER WARMTH 86
DISCUSSION 92
INTERVIEWER STATUS 93
DISCUSSION 99
References 101
Part II Temporal Variables in Speech 104
Chapter 5. Temporal Patterns of Dialogue Basic Research and Reconsiderations1 106
THE INSTRUMENT 109
TEMPORAL PARAMETERS 110
EXPERIMENTAL STUDIES 113
PROBLEMS OF THE DESCRIPTIVE CLASSIFICATION 119
A RECURSIVE MODEL: INITIAL STEPS 121
SUMMARY AND FUTURE DIRECTIONS 124
References 126
Chapter 6. Interview Synchrony 130
BACKGROUND 130
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM 132
AUTOMATING THE INTERVIEW 133
PROCEDURE 135
RESULTS 139
DISCUSSION 140
References 146
Part III: Body Movement in Dyadic Communication 150
Chapter 7. The Body Movement-Speech Rhythm Relationship as a Cue to Speech Encoding 152
MOVEMENT AND SPEECH OUTPUT 153
HESITATIONS AND SPEECH RHYTHM 154
MOVEMENT AND SPEECH RHYTHM 155
SPEECH ENCODING AND DECODING 158
A FURTHER ANALYSIS 161
THOUGHTS ABOUT THE ENCODING PROCESS 166
References 168
Chapter 8. The Analysis of Movement Behavior During the Clinical Interview1 170
INTRODUCTION 170
THE ANALYSIS OF BODY-FOCUSED MOVEMENTS 178
THE ANALYSIS OF BODY-FOCUSED MOVEMENTS 178
DISCRETE BODY-FOCUSED MOVEMENTS 180
VARIATIONS OF OBJECT- AND BODY-FOCUSED MOVEMENTS WITHIN A SINGLE INTERVIEW 182
DISCUSSION 185
THE OBJECT- BODY-FOCUSED DICHOTOMY AS AN INTENT TO COMMUNICATE 185
COMMUNICATIVE INTENT WITH OBJECT-FOCUSED MOVEMENTS 186
COMMUNICATIVE INTENT WITH BODY-FOCUSED MOVEMENTS 188
RELEVANCE TO PSYCHOPATHOLOGY 190
References 192
Chapter 9. Some Relationships Between Body Motion and Speech: An Analysis of an Example1 194
INTRODUCTION 194
MATERIAL 197
BODY MOTION AND SPEECH: THE WORK OF WILLIAM CONDON 198
METHOD OF ANALYSIS 200
THE DISCOURSE 201
THE ANALYSIS OF THE BODY MOTION 205
DISCUSSION 221
References 226
Part IV: Special Problems in Interview Research 228
Chapter 10. People Talking When They Can't Hear Their Voices1 230
PURPOSE OF THE PRESENT STUDY 236
METHOD 237
RESULTS 243
DISCUSSION 266
CAUSE OF THE PHENOMENA: NOISE INPUT AND/OR FEEDRACK DEFICIT? 270
HYPOTHESIS: DISINHIBITION DUE TO DEFICIT IN AUDITORY FEEDBACK 272
SUMMARY 279
References 281
Chapter 11. Personal Adaptation as Reflected in Verbal Behavior1 284
METHOD 287
RESULTS 290
DISCUSSION 292
References 298
Part V: Theoretical Considerations 300
Chapter 12. Toward Including Listening in a Model of The Interview1 302
A PRELIMINARY MODEL 304
THE INSTRUMENTAL CORE OF CLINICAL INTERVIEW TRANSACTIONS 306
THE EXPERIMENTAL INTERVIEW 308
References 311
Chapter 13. Resource Exchange 312
INTRODUCTION 312
A CLASSIFICATION OF RESOURCES 314
MODES OF EXCHANGE 316
SECTION TWO: THEORETICAL IMPLICATIONS AND APPLICATIONS POWER AND N E E D 321
RESOURCES AND COGNITIVE GROWTH 323
INSTITUTIONAL AND CULTURAL CONSTRAINTS 329
EXCHANGE IN PSYCHOTHERAPY 331
LOVE AND STATUS IN MENTAL PATIENTS AND OTHER SUBJECTS 335
THE INTERVIEW: VERBAL BEHAVIOR AND RESOURCE EXCHANGE 340
CONCLUSION 342
References 345
Author Index 348
Subject Index 354
Untitled 299