Social Studies in Elementary Education, Enhanced Pearson eText - Access Card

Walter Parker teaches in the College of Education at the University of Washington in Seattle. He studies K–12 social studies education and, in particular, the civic development of youth. He is especially interested in the ways civic education, multicultural education, and global education overlap. His other books include Teaching Democracy: Unity and Diversity in Public Life (2003); and Social Studies Today: Research & Practice (2015). Walter was born and raised in Englewood, Colorado, on Denver's south side, and taught social studies for ten years in Adams County on Denver's north side. Terence Beck teaches in the School of Education at the University of Puget Sound in Tacoma, Washington. He works with aspiring K-12 teachers in the areas of social studies and literacy education. He also teaches classes focused on issues of education and social justice. Terence is particularly interested in classroom conversations that engage diverse students in thinking and exploring big and often controversial ideas. Terence taught in elementary and middle schools for 11 years before serving nine years as an elementary school principal.

PART 1: INTRODUCTION TO SOCIAL STUDIES EDUCATION

1. Social Studies Education: What and Why
Goals for Social Studies: Social Understanding and Civic Competence
Knowledge
Attitudes and Values
Skills
Curriculum Scope and Sequence
Unit Topics by Grade Level
Five Key Trends
Trend 1: Closing the Opportunity Gap
Trend 2: Curriculum Standards: National, State, and Local
Trend 3: Assessment, Accountability, and the Global Achievement Gap
Trend 4: Democracy
Trend 5: Making the Literacy–Social Studies Connection
Summary
Discussion Questions and Suggested Activities
Selected References

2. Teaching in Diverse Classrooms
The Changing Demographics of Today's Classrooms
Understanding Diverse Classrooms
Two Extremes and a Middle Way
Different or Deprived
Race, Ethnicity, and Culture
Social Class
Religion
Language Differences in the Classroom
Sex and Gender
Sexual Orientation
Children with Special Needs
Multiple Intelligences
Guidelines for Teaching in Diverse Classrooms
Seven Guidelines for Teaching in Diverse Classrooms
Guideline 1. Culturally Responsive Instruction
Guideline 2. Know Your "Cell Phone"
Guideline 3. Engaging with Learning
Guideline 4. High Expectations for Learning
Guideline 5. Flexible Grouping
Guideline 6. Differentiated Instruction
Guideline 7. Multicultural Curriculum
Summary
Discussion Questions and Suggested Activities
Selected References

PART 2: THE SOCIAL STUDIES CURRICULUM

3. Democratic Citizenship Education
Why Citizenship Education?
Active and Passive Citizenship Education: The Case of the Pledge
Seminars on the Pledge
Simulating a Naturalization Ceremony
Citizenship Education: Six Dimensions
1. Deliberation: Discussion and Decision Making
2. Voting and Elections
3. Service Learning and Community Action
4. Citizenship Knowledge
5. Citizenship Values
6. Citizenship Dispositions and Virtues
Religion and Social Studies
Summary
Discussion Questions and Suggested Activities
Selected References

4. History, Geography, and the Social Sciences
Teaching History
Identifying the Rationale
Developing a Sense of Time and Chronology
Determining What History Should Be Taught
Historical Reasoning
Teaching Suggestions
Absorbing History
Doing History
Teaching Geography
Rationale
The Geography Curriculum: The Thematic Approach
Teaching Suggestions
Teaching Political Science
Teaching Suggestions
Teaching Economics
Teaching Suggestions and Strategies
Teaching Anthropology and Sociology
Anthropology
Sociology
Summary
Discussion Questions and Suggested Activities
Selected References

5. Powerful Tools: Maps, Globes, Charts, and Graphs
Map and Globe Skills Essential to the Social Studies Curriculum
Understanding Directional Orientation
Using Map Scales
Locating Places
Expressing Location
Reading Map Symbols
Teaching Maps, Mapping and the Globe
Teaching Map Symbols
Teaching Map Directions
Teaching Map Interpretation
Comparing Maps of the Same Place
Teaching Map Color
Zooming In and Out with Google Earth and Google Maps
Teaching the Globe
The Projection Puzzle: From Globe to Map
Applying Map and Globe Skills
Summarizing Map and Globe Skills
Teaching Charts and Graphs
Charts
Graphs
Summary
Discussion Questions and Suggested Activities
Selected References

6. Current Events and Public Issues
Purpose of Teaching Current Events and Social Problems
Building a Current Events Program: Three Approaches
Teaching Current Events in Addition to Social Studies
Using Current Events to Supplement Social Studies
Using Current Events as the Basis for Social Studies Units
Implementing Four Strategies for Teaching Current Events
Strategy 1: Daily Discussion of News
Strategy 2: Decision Making on Controversial Issues
Strategy 3: Teaching About Different Kinds of Controversy
Strategy 4: Writing About Issues
Teaching Enduring Public Issues
Poverty
Human–Environment Interaction
Crime and the Rule of Law
Peace and Global Perspective
Diversity, Fairness, and Prejudice
Summary
Discussion Questions and Suggested Activities
Selected References

PART 3: PLANNING AND TEACHING SOCIAL STUDIES

7. Assessing Student Learning
The Process and Purposes of Assessment
The Process of Assessment
The Purposes of Assessment
Principles of Assessment
Principle 1: Assessment Is an Integral Part of Curriculum and Instruction
Principle 2: Devote Time to Essential Learnings
Principle 3: Set High Standards for Teaching and Learning
Principle 4: Clarify Targets (Objectives) Early
Principle 5: Aim for More Authentic Assessments
Principle 6: Collect Multiple Indicators of Learning - An Array of Evidence
Principle 7: Provide Ample Opportunities to Learn
Methods of Assessment
Informal Assessment Techniques
Paper-and-Pencil Tests
Performance Assessment
Checklists
Portfolios
Summary
Discussion Questions and Suggested Activities
Selected References

8. Planning Units, Lessons, and Activities
Developing Teachers' Knowledge and Goals
Knowledge Development
Goals
Planning the Unit
Study the Curriculum Guide and Talk About It with Colleagues
Frame Learning Objectives (Determine Desired Results of Study - The Targets)
Unit Questions
Concluding Advice: Priorities, Targets, and Scope
Determine Assessments
Section Review
Planning to Teach the Unit
Phase 1: Launching the Unit
Phase 2: Developing the Study with Learning Activities
Phase 3: Concluding the Study
Section Review
Planning Lessons within Units
Judging the Adequacy of a Lesson Plan
Five Ways to Enrich Any Unit
1. Incorporating Literacy Instruction
2. Incorporating Higher-Order Thinking Skills (HOTS)
3. Incorporating Construction Activities
4. Incorporating Simulations, Role-Playing and Music
5. Introducing a Little Controversy
Summary
Discussion Questions and Suggested Activities
Selected References

9. Five Great Teaching Strategies
Strategy 1. Teaching Concepts
Concepts Are Ideas
Concept Formation
Variation 1 on Concept Formation: List, Group, and Label
Variation 2 on Concept Formation: Concept Attainment
Making Concepts Graphic
Relationship of Facts to Concepts
Strategy 2. Teaching with Inquiry
Inquiry Example 1: Who Benefits from Advertising?
Inquiry Example 2: What Caused the Titanic Tragedy?
Strategy 3. Teaching Social Studies Skills
Strategy 4. Asking Good Questions
Identifying Purposes of Asking Questions
Improving the Teacher's Questioning Skills
Helping Students Ask Productive Questions
Strategy 5. Teaching with Cooperative Learning Groups
Creating a Positive Climate for Human Relations
Getting Started with Cooperative Groups
Managing Cooperative Group Work
Alternative Frameworks for Cooperative Tasks
Identifying and Teaching Group Work Skills
Summary
Discussion Questions and Suggested Activities
Selected References

10. The Literacy–Social Studies Connection
Addressing Literacy and Content-Area Learning
Teaching Reading Skills Essential to Social Studies Learning
Using Textbooks as Study Aids
Building Social Studies Vocabulary
Improving Text Comprehension: Helping Students Make Sense of What They Read
Activate Prior Knowledge Using Graphic Organizers
Preview
Skim for Ideas and Related Details
Summarize
Introducing the Socratic Seminar: Interpretive Discussion
Choose a Worthy Text
Explain the Purpose
State and Clarify Expectations
Preteach or Postteach Needed Skills
Ask an Interpretive, Genuine Question
Make Facilitation “Moves”
Using Children's Trade Books for Multiple Perspectives
Launching
Examining Multiple Perspectives
Summary
Discussion Questions and Suggested Activities
Selected References

11. Social Studies as the Integrating Core
Curriculum Integration
Definitions
Pitfalls
Two Examples of Curriculum Integration: Composing Cooperative Biographies and Understanding Living Things
Example 1: Composing Cooperative Biographies
Example 2: Understanding Living Things
Understanding the Two Examples
Summary
Discussion Questions and Suggested Activities
Selected References

12. Finding and Using Great Resources
School and Community Resources: School Library, Textbooks, Guest Speakers, and Fieldtrips
The School Media/Resource Center (Library)
The Social Studies Textbook
Community Resources
Digital Resources: What Social Studies Teachers Need to Know
Technology Use That Promotes Learning
Technology and Using Good Judgment
Technology's Give-and-Take Conundrum
Summary
Discussion Questions and Suggested Activities
Selected References