British Politics and the Environment in the Long Nineteenth Century

Peter Hough is an Associate Professor in International Politics at Middlesex University, London. He is the author of Back to the future: environmental security in nineteenth century global politics (2019).

Volume 1

Acknowledgment

Editorial Note on text

General Introduction

Part 1. Discovering Nature: Science and the Environment in 19th Century Britain

Chronology

Introduction to part 1

1.1 Biodiversity Decline

1. Gilbert White The Natural History and Antiquities of Selborne (1789)

2. William Roxburgh Letter to Joseph Banks (1795)

3. Alexander Beatson Tracts Relative To The Island Of St. Helena: Written During A Residence Of Five Years (1816)

4. William Burchell Residence in Cape Town, and Rambles in the Vicinity. (1822)

5. Charles Lyell, Principles of Geology (1832)

6. Charles Darwin Origin of the Species (1859)

7. James Prichard The natural history of man : comprising inquiries into the modifying influence of physical and moral agencies on the different tribes of the human family (1855)

8. Alfred Newton Abstract of Mr. J. Wolley’s researches in Iceland respecting the gare-fowl or great auk (1861)

9. Arthur Tansley Presidential Address (1914)

1.2 Resource Depletion

10. Thomas Malthus An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)

11. William Forster-Lloyd Checks to Population (1833)

12. William Farr Economic Value of Population (1877)

13. William Jevons The Coal Question; An Inquiry concerning the Progress of the Nation, and the Probable Exhaustion of our Coal-mines (1866)

14. John Cleghorn On the fluctuations in the herring fisheries (1855)

15. Thomas Huxley Inaugural Address. Fisheries Exhibition, London (1883)

16. John Croumbie Browne 'On Forest Schools' (1878)

17. William Somerville Forestry in Some of its Economic Aspects (1909)

1.3 Pollution

18. Henry Fuller, On the Use of the Arsenic in Agriculture-Poisoning by Arsenic, and Symptoms of Cholera-The Possible Effect of the Game Laws (1848)

19. John Snow On the Mode of Communication of Cholera (1849)

20. Robert Smith Air and rain : the beginnings of a chemical climatology (1872)

21. Michael Faraday Observations on the Filth of the Thames (1855)

22. Cardiff Rural Sanitary Authority Pollution on Glamorganshire’s Rivers (1878)

23. John Tyndall On Radiation Through the Earth’s Atmosphere (1863)

24. Ernest Hart Smoke Abatement (1884)

25. John Graham The Destruction of Daylight. A Study in the Smoke Problem (1907)

Bibliography

Part 2: Romanticizing Nature: environmental conservation as a nationalistic artistic and political movement in 19th Century Britain.

Chronology

Introduction to Volume 2

2.1 Aesthetes and Conservation

26. Samuel Taylor Coleridge, The Raven (1791)

27. William Wordsworth, The Excursion (1814)

28. Alfred Tennyson In Memoriam A.H.H. (1849)

29. John Ruskin, A Protest Against the Extension of Railways in the Lake District (1876)

30. George Eliot, Silas Marner (1861)

31. William Morris, Under an Elm Tree (1889)

32. John Clare Remembrances 1832

33. Octavia Hill, Our Common Land (1877)

34. Anna Sewell, Black Beauty (1878)

35. Louise De la Ramée, The Waters of Edera (1900)

36. Edward Carpenter, My Days and Dreams (1916)

37. John Muir My First Summer in the Sierra (1911)

2.2 Conserving nature and the Aristocracy

38. Jane Austen, Emma (1815)

39. William Cobbett, Rural Rides (1830)

40. Benjamin Disraeli, Sybil (1845)

41. Thomas Carlyle, Sign of the Times (1858)

42. Thomas Hardy The Dorsetshire Labourer (1883)

43. Thomas Stafford Raffles, London Zoological Society Prospectus (1825)

44. Richard Lydekker, The Game Animals of Africa (dedicated to Herbrand Russell, 11th Duke of Bedford) (1908)

45. Charles Rothschild, Nature Reserves: Formation of a New Society (1912)

2.3 Conservation and Fear of the Future

46. William Deslisle Hay, The Doom of the Great City (1880)

47. Alfred Wallace, The Plunder of the Earth (1898)

48. Reginald Brabazon, The National Standard of Physical Health (1903)

49. Charles Masterton & Phillip Wilson, The Heart of the Empire (1901)

50. H. G. Wells A Modern Utopia (1905)

Bibliography

Index

Volume 2

Acknowledgements

Editorial note on the text

General Introduction

Part 1: Regulating Nature: The Environment and Policy in 19th Century Britain

Chronology

Part 1 introduction

1.1 Public Health

1. Charles Knight, The Staffordshire Collieries 1823

2. Edwin Chadwick, 1842 Report on Sanitary Conditions 1842

3. Alexis De Toqueville, Journeys to England and Ireland 1835

4. Friedrich Engels, Condition of the Working Class in England 1845

5. Charles Dickens, The Uncommercial Traveller 1861

6. Fisheries Preservation Association, On the pollution of the rivers of the kingdom 1868

Alkali Act 1874

7. David John Russell Duncan, On Smoke Abatement 1888

1.2 Animal Cruelty

8. John Oswald, The Cry of Nature. Or, an Appeal to Mercy and Justice on Behalf of the Persecuted Animals. 1791

9. Thomas Erskine, Cruelty to Animals 1809

10. Richard Martin, Bear Bating 1824

11. John Stuart Mill, Principles of Political Economy 1848

12. Joseph Pease, Cruelty to Animals Act 1835

13. Lewis Gompertz, Fragments in Defence of Animals, and Essays on Morals, Soul, and Future State 1852

14. John Percival, Prevention of Cruelty to Animals Bill 1902

15. Frances Cobbe, The Moral Aspects of Vivesection 1884

16. Richard Wilson, A Plea for the Sea Birds 1869

17. William Warde, Fowler A Year With the Birds 1891

18. RSPB ,Bird News 1905

19. John Lubbock, Importation of Plumage Prohibition Bill 1908

1.3 The Commons

20. Alexander MacKenzie, The History of the Highland Clearances 1914

21. Samuel Smiles, Mr Rennie’s Drainage of the Lincoln and Cambridge Fens 1861

22. George Shaw Lefevre, English Commons and Forests. The Story of the Battle During the Last Thirty Years for Public Rights Over the Commons and Forests of England and Wales 1894

23. James Bryce, ‘Access to Mountains’ 1892

24. Robert Hunter, ‘Commons’ 1911

References

Part 2: Conquering Nature: The Environment in British Imperialism and Foreign Policy in the 19th Century.

Chronology

Part 2 introduction

2.1 Imperial Sustainability

25. Philip Viberi, A Few hints on Foreign and Home Colonization 1845

26. Harold MacKinder, On the Scope and Methods of Geography. 1887

27. Charles Trevelyan, The Irish Crisis 1848

28. Lord Lytton, The Famine Campaign in Southern India, Madras and Bombay Presidencies and Province of Mysore (1877)

29. James Atkinson, An Account of the State of Agriculture and Grazing in New South Wales 1826

30. William Patrick Andrew, The Scinde Railway and its Relations to the Euphrates Valley and Other Routes to India 1856

31. Michael Hicks-Beach, Further Despatches from the Secretary of State to the Governor of New Zealand 1880

32. Lord Curzon, Speech to the Burma Game Preservation Association 1901

33. William Scoresby, An Account of the Arctic Regions 1820

34. Oriental Gas Company Act 1857

2.2 Military Ecocide

35. Lord Viscount Wellington, Proclamation to the People of Portugal 1810

36. John Davy, An Account of the Interior of Ceylon and of its Inhabitants with Travels in that Island 1821

37. Francis Foster Letter to Parents 1858

38. Colonel George Whitmore Letter to the Hon. Colonel Haultain. Fort Galatea, New Zealand 1869.

39. Francis Stirling Despatches Received by the Admiralty Regarding the Murder in Malay of James Birch 1876

40. Emily Hobhouse, The Brunt of the War and Where it Fell 1902

41. William Wallace, Annual Report of the Colonies: Northern Nigeria 1907

2.3 The Birth of Global Environmental Policy

42. George Cornewall Lewis, Memorandum respecting Quarantine Regulations in the Mediterranean 1838

43. Convention for Regulating the Police of the North Sea Fisheries (Overfishing Convention) 1882

44. Treaty Concerning the Jan Mayen Seal Fishery 1887

45. Bering Sea Arbitration 1893

46. Fur Seals Convention 1911

47. Convention Designed To Ensure The Conservation Of Various Species Of Wild Animals In Africa, Which Are Useful To Man Or Inoffensive 1900

48. Society for the Preservation of the Wild Fauna of the Empire 1904

49. Hague Convention 1899

References

Index