Ancient Egyptian Tombs

STEVEN SNAPE is Senior Lecturer in Egyptian Archaeology at the University of Liverpool, Director of Archaeological Collections in Liverpool University's Garstang Museum of Archaeology and Director of its excavations at the Ramesside fortress-town of Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham. His books include Six Archaeological Sites in Sharqiyeh Province (1986), A Temple of Domitian at El-Ashmunein (1990), Egyptian Temples (1996) and Zawiyet Umm el-Rakham I: The Temple and Chapels (with P. Wilson, 2007).

List of Figures ix

Preface xiii

Acknowledgements xv

Introduction 1

1 Nameless Lives at Tarkhan and Saqqara 7

Early Tombs and the Ka

2 Pits, Palaces and Pyramids 24

Royal Cemeteries of the Early Dynastic Period and Old Kingdom

3 Non-Royal Cemeteries of Dynasty 4 35

4 Unas, Teti and Their Courts 51

The Late Old Kingdom at Saqqara

5 The Tombs of Qar and Idu 68

Families and Funerals in the Late Old Kingdom

6 A Growing Independence 86

Court and Regional Cemeteries in the Late Old Kingdom

7 Ankhtify 105

A Time of Change

8 Osiris, Lord of Abydos 117

9 ‘Lords of Life’ 136

Coffins

10 Strangers and Brothers 148

The Middle Kingdom in Middle Egypt

11 North and South 166

Middle Kingdom Tombs at the Royal Residence

12 Ineni, Senenmut and User-Amun 176

New Tombs for Old

13 Rekhmire and the Tomb of the Well-Known Soldier 190

Foreigners and Funerals in the Age of Empire

14 Huya and Horemheb 207

Amarna and After

15 Samut and the Ramesside Private Tomb 223

16 Sennedjem 233

Building and Buying at Deir el-Medina

17 Petosiris 245

A Dying Tradition

References 260

Further Reading 276

Index 281