Canvas Test Item File for Developing Multicultural Counseling Competence

About our editors Danica G. Hays, PhD, is a professor and interim dean of the College of Education at the University of Nevada, Las Vegas. She earned a doctorate in Counselor Education and Supervision, with an emphasis in multicultural research, from Georgia State University. She has published about 125 journal articles and book chapters in her areas of research expertise, which include research methodology and program evaluation, leadership development, domestic violence prevention, assessment and diagnosis, and multicultural and social justice issues in community mental health and counselor preparation. In addition to this text, she is co-editor of Qualitative Research in Clinical and Educational Settings (2/e, Cognella), A Counselor's Guide to Career Assessment Instruments (6/e, National Career Development Association), Corona Chronicles: Necessary Narratives in Uncertain Times (1/e, Dio Press), and Corona Chronicles: On Leadership, Processes, Commitments, and Hope in Uncertain Times (1/e, Dio Press). She is also an associate and content editor of the American Counseling Association Encyclopedia of Counseling (1/e, ACA), co-author of Mastering the NCE and CPCE (3/e, Pearson), and author of Assessment in Counseling: A Guide to Psychological Assessment Procedures (6/e, ACA). She has extensive leadership history in the Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC) and the Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES), including serving as AARC President, ACES journal editor for Counselor Education and Supervision, founding editor for the Counseling Outcome Research and Evaluation journal, and President of an ACES region. The American Counseling Association has recognized her nationally as an ACA Fellow, as well as presented her awards for her research and advocacy as a counselor educator. Bradley T. Erford, PhD, is professor and director of the human development counseling and human development studies programs in the Department of Human and Organizational Development at Peabody College of Education and Human Development at Vanderbilt University. He was president of the American Counseling Association from 2012 to 2013. He is an American Counseling Association (ACA) Fellow and the recipient of several ACA awards, including the Research Award, Extended Research Award, Thomas J. Sweeney Award for Visionary Leadership and Advocacy, Arthur A. Hitchcock Distinguished Professional Service Award, Professional Development Award, and the Carl Perkins Government Relations Award. He has received the Association for Assessment and Research in Counseling (AARC) Exemplary Practices Award; Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (ACES) Robert O. Stripling Award for Excellence in Standards; and the Maryland Association for Counseling and Development (MACD) Maryland Counselor of the Year, Professional Development, Counselor Visibility, and Counselor Advocacy Awards. His research specialization falls primarily in development and technical analysis of psychoeducational tests and has resulted in the publication of more than 35 books, 90 journal articles, 100 book chapters, and 20 psychoeducational tests. He is a past chair of the ACA - Southern Region; past president of the AARC, the MACD, the Maryland Association for Counselor Education and Supervision (MACES), the Maryland Association for Mental Health Counselors (MAMHC), and the Maryland Association for Measurement and Evaluation (MAME). Dr. Erford is the past chair of the ACA Task Force on High Stakes Testing, Task Force on Standards for Test Users, Public Awareness and Support Committee, Bylaws Committee, and Interprofessional Committee. Dr. Erford is a Licensed Clinical Professional Counselor, Licensed Professional Counselor, Nationally Certified Counselor, Licensed Psychologist, and Licensed School Psychologist. He teaches courses primarily in the areas of assessment, human development, research and evaluation, and stress management.

SECTION 1: The Foundations of Multicultural Counseling

The Culturally Competent Counselor: Danica G. Hays and Jan L. Gay
Cultural Identity Development: Angie Cartwright and Dominique S. Hammonds

SECTION 2: Social Advocacy

Social Justice Counseling: Philip B. Gnilka, Caroline O'Hara, and Catherine Y. Chang
Racism and White Supremacy: Danica G. Hays and Ann Shillingford-Butler
Gender and Sexism: Anneliese A. Singh and Taryne M. Mingo
Sexual and Affectional Orientation and Heterosexism: Michael P. Chaney and Michael D. Brubaker
Social Class and Classism: Madeline Clark
Disability, Ableism, and Ageism: Debra E. Berens

SECTION 3: Counseling Multicultural Populations

Individuals and Families of African and African American Descent: Patrice S. Bounds, Ahmad R. Washington, and Malik S. Henfield
Individuals and Families of Arab and Arab American Descent: Sylvia C. Nassar and Tahani Dari
Individuals and Families of Asian and Asian American Descent: Linh P. Luu, Arpana G. Inman, and Alvin N. Alvarez
Individuals and Families of Latin and Latin American Descent: Cassandra A. Storlie
Counseling Individuals and Families of Native American Descent: Sherri L. Turner, Carolyn A. Berger, Amanda F. Peterson, and Maddy C. Kern
Individuals and Families of European and European Descent: H. George McMahon, Pamela O. Paisley, Bogusia Skudrzyk, and Chelsea Scoffone
Individuals and Families of Multiracial Descent: C. Peeper McDonald
Spiritual Diversity: Craig S. Cashwell and Amanda L. Giordano

SECTION 4: Multicultural Conceptualization

Using Counseling Theories in Multicultural Contexts: Amanda C. La Guardia
Multicultural Diagnosis and Conceptualization: Victoria E. Kress, Laura R. Shannonhouse, and Christina M. Woloch

Appendix: Multicultural and Social Justice Counseling Competencies