Systems Engineering and Its Application to Industrial Product Development (eBook)

Preface 7
Acknowledgements 10
Contents 11
Acronyms and Symbols 16
1 Introduction 20
Abstract 20
1.1 The Industrial Context 20
1.2 Goals of This Handbook 21
1.3 Test Cases and Implementation of Tools 22
1.4 Structure of the Handbook 24
2 The Systems Engineering 25
Abstract 25
2.1 A Definition in a Nutshell 25
2.1.1 Main Goals 26
2.1.2 Four Pillars 29
2.2 Some Historical Notes 31
2.3 A Survey on the Literature About the Systems Engineering 33
2.4 Technical Standards on the Systems Engineering 37
2.5 Software Tools for the Systems Engineering 39
References 40
3 The Methodology of Systems Engineering 42
Abstract 42
3.1 Introduction 42
3.1.1 Definitions of System 42
3.1.2 The System Development as an Industrial Product 43
3.2 The Models of the Product Life Cycle 46
3.2.1 The Waterfall Diagram 47
3.2.2 The V-Diagram 47
3.2.3 The Spiral Diagram 50
3.3 The Architecture Frameworks 51
3.3.1 MODAF 52
3.3.2 UAF 54
3.3.3 Framework and Process 56
3.4 The Industrial Implementation of the Methodology 56
3.4.1 Key Issues of the SE Process 59
3.5 Overview on Known Methodologies to Implement the MBSE 63
3.5.1 The INCOSE Object-Oriented Systems Engineering Methodology (OOSEM) 63
3.5.2 The IBM Rational Telelogic Harmony-SE 64
3.5.3 The IBM Rational Unified Process for System Engineering (RUP-SE) 64
3.5.4 The Vitech Model-Based System Engineering (MBSE) 65
3.5.5 The JPL State Analysis (SA) 65
3.5.6 The Object-Process Methodology (OPM) 65
3.5.7 The Architecture Analysis and Design Integrated Approach (ARCADIA) 66
3.5.8 The Systems Modeling Process (SYSMOD) 66
3.5.9 The Alstom ASAP Methodology 66
3.5.10 Synthesis About the Methodologies 66
3.6 A Reference Process: The ISO/IEC 15288 67
3.7 The Engineering Methods 69
3.8 The Languages for Systems Engineering 73
3.9 Unified Modeling Language—UML 74
3.10 System Modeling Language—SysML 75
3.10.1 Requirements Diagram 76
3.10.2 Behavior Diagram 77
3.10.3 Structure Diagrams 81
3.10.4 Parametric Diagram 83
References 84
4 Systems, Customer Needs and Requirements 86
Abstract 86
4.1 A Couple of Examples to Understand 86
4.1.1 Didactic Test Case: A Coiler for Wire Rod Production 87
4.1.2 Industrial Test Case: De-icing or Anti-icing System for a Commercial Aircraft 89
4.2 Implementation of the MBSE 90
4.3 Identification of the Customer Needs 91
4.3.1 Needs Versus Requirements 91
4.3.2 Looking for the Customer Needs 91
4.3.3 A Systematic Approach to the Identification of Needs 92
4.3.4 Source of Needs 94
4.4 The Stakeholders 95
4.4.1 Didactic Test Case: Needs and Stakeholders 96
4.4.2 Industrial Test Case: Needs and Stakeholders 97
4.5 The Role of Requirements in the Product Development 98
4.5.1 Definition of Requirement 99
4.5.2 Classification of Requirements 100
4.5.3 Syntax and Attributes of Requirements 102
4.6 Tools for Writing Requirements 103
4.6.1 Requirements Manager 103
4.6.2 Requirements Quality and Authoring Suites 107
4.7 Requirements Refinement and Assessment 108
4.7.1 Didactic Test Case: Classification and List of Requirements 108
4.7.2 Industrial Test Case: Classification and List of Requirements 121
References 130
5 Operational Analysis 131
Abstract 131
5.1 Goals and Tasks 131
5.2 The Operational Analysis Deployed Through the SysML 132
5.3 Implementation and Operational Context 135
5.3.1 Didactic Test Case 135
5.3.2 Industrial Test Case 142
5.4 Requirements Derivation in Operational Analysis 155
5.5 Synthesis of the Operational Analysis for Both the Test Cases 159
6 Functional Analysis 162
Abstract 162
6.1 Introduction 162
6.2 Handoff Between Operational and Functional Analyses 164
6.3 Implementation of Functional Analysis Through the SysML 165
6.4 Requirements Derivation, Traceability and Allocation 170
6.5 Results and Outputs for the Logical Analysis 172
6.6 Implementation: Deriving the Functional Architecture 173
6.6.1 Didactic Test Case 174
6.6.2 Industrial Test Case 181
6.6.3 Comparison Between Use Case and Black-Box Based Approaches 199
6.7 Results and Final Remarks About the Functional Analysis 205
References 206
7 Logical Analysis 207
Abstract 207
7.1 Meaning of the Logical Analysis 207
7.2 Handoff Between Functional and Logical Analysis 208
7.3 Implementation of the Logical Analysis Through the SysML 209
7.4 Requirements Satisfaction and Architecture Allocation 213
7.5 Towards the Next Phase 214
7.6 Implementation and System Logical Architecture 215
7.6.1 Didactic Test Case 215
7.6.2 Industrial Test Case 218
7.7 Requirements Traceability in the Logical Analysis 233
7.8 Results and Final Considerations About the Logical Analysis 236
8 Physical Analysis 238
Abstract 238
8.1 Introduction 238
8.2 Handoff Between Logical and Physical Analyses 239
8.3 Formalisms and Models of the Physical Analysis 240
8.4 Requirements Allocation and Verification 242
8.5 Expected Results and Final Remarks 243
8.6 Implementation of the Physical Analysis of Complex Systems 244
8.6.1 Didactic Test Case 244
8.6.2 Industrial Test Case 257
8.7 Results and Final Considerations About the Physical Analysis 282
References 283
9 Heterogeneous Simulation 284
Abstract 284
9.1 Introduction 284
9.2 Strategies of Model’s Integration Within the Heterogeneous Simulation 285
9.3 Example of Interoperability Standard: The Functional Mock-up Interface 290
9.4 Implementation of the Heterogeneous Simulation in the Ice Protection System Case Study 292
9.4.1 Models for the Ice Protection System Scenario 292
9.4.2 Simulation Results and Final Run 296
9.5 Traceability and Future Evolution of the Interoperability Within Large Toolchains 298
References 300
10 System Verification and Validation (V& V)
Abstract 301
10.1 Introduction 301
10.2 The Best “V& V” Process
10.3 Verification, Validation and Accreditation (V& V, VV&
10.4 Software and Hardware 305
10.4.1 V& V in Software Engineering
10.4.2 V& V in Hardware Engineering
10.5 A Methodological Approach to the Industrial Product V& V
10.5.1 Practical Issues in Product Development and Relation with V& V
10.5.2 Workflow of V& V
10.5.3 Design Objectives 315
10.5.4 Smartness and Smart-Nect-Ness 316
10.5.5 DT& E and OT&
10.6 The Role of RAMS in V& V
10.6.1 Reliability 319
10.6.2 Maintainability 320
10.6.3 Availability 321
10.6.4 FMEA and FTA 321
10.6.5 Dysfunctional Analysis 322
10.6.6 Integration of RAMS and Numerical Simulation 324
10.7 V& V Peculiarities of the Proposed Test Cases
10.7.1 Didactic Test Case: V& V Issues
10.7.2 Industrial Test Case: The RAMS Analysis 332
References 337
11 Systems Engineering and Product Lifecycle Management (PLM) 338
Abstract 338
11.1 The Big Picture 338
11.2 The Configuration Control Management 339
11.3 The Platform Building 341
11.3.1 The PLM Collaboration Model 342
11.3.2 The PLM Functional View 342
11.3.3 The PLM Data Model Analysis and the Tool Chain 343
11.4 The Tools Integration and Interoperation 346
11.5 The Configuration Control Action 348
11.6 Integration Between Analyses Within the Tool Chain 350
11.6.1 Integration Between Design and RAMS 350
11.6.2 Integrated Analysis 351
12 Conclusion 353
Abstract 353
Index 357