Images

Sunil Manghani is Reader in Critical and Cultural Theory at Winchester School of Art, University of Southampton (UK). His publications appear in Theory, Culture & Society, Film International, Parallax, Journal of Visual Art Practice, and Culture, Theory and Critique. He is the author of Image Critique (2008) and co-editor of Images: A Reader (2006), an anthology of writings on the image from Plato to the present.

Volume One: Understanding Images

Series Preface
Editorial Introduction

Part One: Image Studies
What is an Image?
W.J.T. Mitchell(Source: Mitchell, W.J.T. (1984) 'What is an Image?' New Literary History, 15:3, pp.503-37)

Image, Medium, Body
Hans Belting (Source: Belting, H. (2005). 'Image, Medium, Body: A New Approach to Iconology,' Critical Inquiry 31:2, pp.302-319)

The Domain of Images
James Elkins (Source: Elkins, J. (1995) 'Art History and Images That Are Not Art', Art Bulletin 77:4, pp.554-71)

Bildwissenschaft
Horst Bredekamp (Source: Bredekamp, H. (2003) 'A Neglected Tradition? Art History as Bildwissenschaft,' Critical Inquiry, 29:3, pp.418-428.)

Role of the Spectator
Jacques Aumont (Source: Aumont, J. (1997) The Image, trans. by Claire Pajackowsja. London: BFI, pp.53-67)

Images, Not Signs
Régis Debray (Source: Debray, R. (1996) Media Manifestos. Verso Books, pp.133-167)

Part Two: Defining Images
Classical Greek Origins of Western Aesthetic Theory
John T. Kirby (Source: Kirby, J.T. (1996) 'Classical Greek Origins of Western Aesthetic Theory' in B.Allert (ed.) Languages of Visuality: Crossings between Science, Art, Politics and Literature. Wayne State University Press, pp.29-45.)

The Philosophical Imaginary
Michèle Le Doeuff (Source: Le Doeuff, M. (1989) The Philosophical Imaginary, tr. Colin Gordon. London: Athlone Press, pp.1-20)

The Simile of the Cave
Plato (Source: Plato (1955) 'Part Seven [Book Seven]' in The Republic, tr. H.D.P. Lee. Penguin, pp.256-64)

The Origins of Imitation
Aristotle (Source: Aristole (1965) 'The Origins and Development of Poetry', from On the Art of Poetry, in Classical Literary Criticism, tr. T.S. Dorsch. Penguin, pp.35)

Optics
René Descartes (Source: Descartes, R. (2001) Discourse on Method, Optics, Geometry, and Meteorology, tr. P.J. Olscamp. Revised Edition. Hackett Publishing Company, pp.91-101)

Of Ideas
John Locke (Source: Locke, J. (1993) 'Of Ideas in General and their Original', in An Essay Concerning Human Understanding, Book II, Chapter 1. Everyman, pp.45-57)

Representation and Imagination
Immanuel Kant(Source: Kant, I. (1929) 'Transcendental Deduction' and 'Schematism' in The Critique of Pure Reason, tr. Norman Kemp Smith. Macmillan Press, pp.132-3, 142-3, 181-3)

Images, Bodies and Consciousness
Henri Bergson(Source: Bergson, H. (1991) 'Of the Selection of Images for Conscious Presentation. What Our Body Means and Does' in Matter and Memory, tr. N.M.Paul and W.S.Palmer. Zone Books, pp. 17-22)

Modernizing Vision
Jonathan Crary(Source: Crary, J. (1988) 'Modernizing Vision' in H.Foster (ed.) Vision and Visuality, Bay Press, pp.29-44)

Part Three: Image and Ideology
Iconoclash
Bruno Latour(Source: Latour, B (2002) 'What is Iconoclash Or is There a World Beyond the Image Wars?' in B.Latour and P.Weibel (ed.) Iconoclash: Beyond the Image Warsin Science, Religion and Art. MIT Press, pp.14-37)

Idolatry and Iconoclasm
David Freedberg(Source: Freedberg, D. (1989) The Power of Images. University of Chicago Press, pp.378-394, 421-428)

Image and Icon
Marie-José Mondzain (Source: Mondzain, M-J. (2005) from Image, Icon, Economy: The Byzantine Origins of the Contemporary Imaginary. Stanford University Press, pp.69-82)

The Precession of Simulacra
Jean Baudrillard (Source: Baudrillard, J. (1994) 'The Precession of Simulacra' in Simulacra and Simulation, tr. S.F.Glaser. University of Michigan Press, pp.1-7)

Ideology, Imagology and Critical Thought
Jon Simons (Source: Simons, J. (2000) 'Ideology, Imagology, and Critical Thought: the Improverishment of Politics', Journal of Political Ideologies,Vol. 5, no.1, pp.81-103)

Making Metapictures Political
Sunil Manghani(Source: Manghani, S. (2009) 'Making Metapictures Political: Public Screenings of the fall of the Berlin Wall', Northern Lights, 7, pp.113-131)

What do Pictures Really Want?
W.J.T. Mitchell (Source: Mitchell, W. J. T. 1996. 'What do Pictures Really Want?'. October 77, pp.71- 82)

Volume Two: The Pictorial Turn

Editorial Introduction

Part One: Image Philosophy
Thinking as Picturing
Judith Genova (Source: Genova, J. (1995) Wittgenstein: A Way of Seeing. Routledge, pp.64-83)

The Pictorial Turn
W.J.T. Mitchell (Source: Mitchell, W.J.T. (1992) 'The Pictorial Turn', Artforum, 30:7, March, pp.89-94)

Pictorial Versus Iconic Turn
Gottfried Boehm and W.J.T. Mitchell (Source: Boehm, G. and Mitchell, W.J.T. (2009) 'Pictorial Versus Iconic Turn: Two Letters'. Culture, Theory and Critique, Vol. 50, no. 2-3, pp.103-121)

Do Pictures Really Want to Live?
Jacques Rancière (Source: Rancière, J. (2009) 'Do Pictures Really Want to Live?', Culture, Theory and Critique, Vol. 50, No. 2/3, pp.123-132)

Reality Remade
Nelson Goodman (Source: Goodman, N. (1968) The Languages of Art. Oxford University Press, pp.3-43)

The Information Available in Pictures
James J. Gibson (Source: Gibson, J.J. (1971) 'The Information Available in Pictures' Leonardo, 4:1, pp. 27-35)

New Perspective
Nelson Goodman (Source: Goodman, N. (1971) 'On J. J. Gibson's New Perspective' Leonardo, 4:4, pp.359-360)

Misreading with Nelson Goodman
James Elkins (Source: Elkins, J. (1993) 'What Really Happens in Pictures? Misreading with Nelson Goodman' Word and Image, 9:4, pp.349-362)

Part Two: Text & Image
The Images of Pictures and Words Rudolf Armheim (Source: Arnheim, R. (1986) 'The Images of Pictures and Words', Word and Image, 2:4, pp.306-310)

Divide and Narrate: the Icon-Symbol Tension in Seurat
Wendy Steiner (Source: Wendy, S. (1986) 'Divide and Narrate: the Icon-Symbol Tension in Seurat', Word and Image, 2:4, pp.342-347)

Readerly Visuality
Ellen J. Esrock (Source: Esrock, E. J. (1993) 'A Proposal for Integrating Readerly Visuality into Literary Studies: Reflections on Italo Calvino', Word and Image, 9:2, pp.114-121)

Rene Magritte's 'Les mots et les images'
Lisa K. Lipinski (Source: Lipinski, L.K. (1995) '"When the trees of language are shaken by rhizomes" in Rene Magritte's "Les mots et les images"' Word and Image, 11:3, pp.216-224)

The Absent Image
Gary Shapiro (Source: Shapiro, G. (2007) 'The Absent Image: Ekphrasis and the "Infinite Relation" of Translation' Journal of Visual Culture 6:1, pp.13-24)

The Convention of Captioning and W.G. Sebald
Elizabeth Chaplin (Source: Chaplin, E. (2006) 'The Convention of Captioning: W.G. Sebald and the Release of the Captive Image' Visual Studies, 21:1,pp.42-53)

Part Three: Image as Thought
A Plea for Visual Thinking
Rudolf Arnheim (Source: Arnheim, R. (1980) 'A Plea for Visual Thinking'. Critical Inquiry, 6:3, pp.489-497)

Perceptual Metaphor
Donald Brook (Source: Brook, D. (1986) 'Perceptual Metaphor' Word and Image, 2:4, pp.333-341)

Picturing Vision
Joel Snyder (Source: Snyder, J. (1980) 'Picturing Vision'. Critical Inquiry, 6:3, pp.499-526)

How to 'See' With the Whole Body
Joyce Brodsky (Source: Brodsky, J. (2002) 'How to "See" with the Whole Body' Visual Studies, 17:2, 99-112)

Body Images
Antonio Damasio (Source: Damasio, A. (2003) Looking for Spinoza. Harvill Press, pp.194-206)

Thought-Images
Sigrid Weigel(Source: Weigel, S (1996) 'Thought-Images: A re-reading of of the Angel of History'. Body- and Image-Space: Re-reading Walter Benjamin. London: Routledge, pp.49-60)

Volume Three: Image Theory

Part One: Art History
The End of Image Theory
Otto Pa¨cht(Source: Pa¨cht, O. 2000. 'The End of the Image Theory'. In Christopher S. Wood (ed), The Vienna School Reader: Politics and Art Historical Method in the 1930s. New York: Zone Books, pp.181- 94)

The Arrested Image and the Moving Eye
E.H. Gombrich (Source: Gombrich, E.H. (1980) 'Standards of Truth: The Arrested Image and the Moving Eye' in W.J.T. Mitchell (ed.) The Language of Images,
University of Chicago Press, pp.181-217)

Crossing Frontiers
Philippe-Alain Michaud (Source: Michaud, P-A. (2004) Aby Warburg and the Image in Motion. Cambridge: MIT Press, pp. 277-291)

Part Two: Beyond Semiotics
The Third Meaning
Roland Barthes (Source: Barthes, R. (1985) 'The Third Meaning', The Responsibility of Forms. Farrar, Straus & Giroux (Hill & Wang), pp. 41-62)

Semiotics and Art History
Mieke Bal and Norman Bryson (Source: Bal, M. and Bryson, N. (1991) 'Semiotics and Art History' Art Bulletin LXXIII:2, pp.174-208)

Nonsemiotic Elements in Pictures
James Elkins (Source: Elkins, J. (1995) 'Marks, Traces, Traits, Contours, Orli, and Splendores: Nonsemiotic Elements in Pictures'. Critical Inquiry 21:4, pp.822-60)

Part Three: Psychoanalysis
The Gaze
Jacques Lacan (Source: Lacan, J. (1998) from The Four Fundamental Concepts of Psycho-Analysis, tr. A. Sheridan. Vintage, pp.82-103)

Woman as Image (Man as Bearer of the Look)
Laura Mulvey (Source: Mulvey, L. (2009) from Visual and Other Pleasures. 2nd Edition.Palgrave Macmillan, pp.14-27)

Cindy Sherman's Untitled Film Stills
Joan Copjec (Source: Copjec, J. (2002) from Imagine There's No Woman: Ethics and Sublimation. MIT Press, pp.67, 73-80)

The Gaze in the Expanded Field
Norman Bryson (Source: Bryson, N. (1988) 'The Gaze in the Expanded Field', in H.Foster (ed.) Vision and Visuality. Bay Press, pp.87-108.)

Part Four: Phenomenology
Eye and Mind
Maurice Merleau-Ponty (Source: Merleau-Ponty, M. (1964) from The Primacy of Perception. Northwestern University Press, pp.162-9)

Imagination
Mikel Dufrenne (Source: Dufrenne M. (1973) from 'Representation and Imagination' in The Phenomenology of Aesthetic Experience, tr. Edward S. Casey. Northwestern University Press, pp. 345-53)

Part Five: Between Mediums
On the Very Idea of a 'Specific' Medium
Diarmuid Costello (Source: Costello, D. (2008) 'On the Very Idea of a "Specific" Medium: Michael Fried and Stanley Cavell on Painting and Photography as Arts'. Critical Inquiry 34:2, pp.274-312)

Visual and audiovisual: From Image to Moving Image
Sean Cubitt (Source: Cubitt, S. (2002) 'Visual and audiovisual: from image to
moving image' Journal of Visual Culture, 1:3, pp.359-368)

Leaving the Movie Theater
Roland Barthes(Source: Barthes, R. (1989) 'Leaving the Movie Theater' in The Rustle of Language. University of California Press, pp.345-349)

Site-seeing
Giuliana Bruno (Source: Bruno, G. (1997) 'Site-seeing: Architecture and the Moving Image' Wide Angle 19:4, 1997, pp. 8-24)

The Sequence-Image
Victor Burgin (Source: Burgin, V. (2004) The Remembered Film. Reaktion Books, pp.14-28)

Digital-Facial-Image: Affect as Medium
Mark Hansen (Source: Hansen, M.B.N. (2003) 'Affect as Medium, or the 'Digital-Facial-Image', Journal of Visual Culture 2:2, pp.205-228)

Volume Four: Image Cultures

Part One: Visual Culture
Cultural Relativism and the Visual Turn
Martin Jay (Source: Jay, M. (2002) 'Cultural Relativism and the Visual Turn', Journal of Visual Culture, Vol.1, No.3, pp.267-278)

Symbol, Idol and Murti
Gregory Price Grieve(Source: Grieve, G.P. (2003) 'Symbol, Idol and Murti: Hindu God-Images and the Politics of Mediation', Culture, Theory and Critique, Vol.44, No.1, pp.57-72)

Photo-Sharing
Susan Murray(Source: Murray, S. (2008) 'Digital Images, Photo-sharing, and Our Shifting Notions of Everyday Aesthetics' Journal of Visual Culture 7:2, pp.147-163)

Part Two: Image and Memory
Involuntary Memory
Marcel Proust(Source: Proust, M. (2002) from In Search of Lost Time: Volume 1: The Way By Swann's, tr. L.Davis. London: Penguin, pp.47-50)

Ways of Remembering
John Berger(Source: Berger, J. (1997) from The Camerawork Essays: Context and Meaning in Photography, Jessica Evans (ed.). River Oram Press, pp.42-51)

Notes on Myth, Memory and Technology
Justin Lorentzen(Source: Lorentzen, J. (1993) 'Snapshots: Notes on Myth, Memory and Technology: Short Fictions Concerning the Camera', Chris Jenks (ed.) Cultural Reproduction. Routledge, pp.135-139)

The Image of 'Accidental Napalm'
Robert Hariman and John Louis(Source: Hariman, R. and Louis, J. (2003) 'Public Identity and Collective Memory in U.S. Iconic Photography: The Image of "Accidental Napalm"', Critical Studies in Media Communications, Vol.20, No.11, pp.35-66)

Bearing Personal Witness
Barbie Zelizer(Source: Zelizer, B. (2002) Media, Culture, and Society, 24:5, pp.697-714)

Obama and Image
Susan Buck-Morss(Source: Buck-Morss, S. (2009) 'Obama and Image' Culture, Theory and Critique, Vol. 50, no. 2-3, pp.145-164)

Part Three: Visual Evidence
Visible Materials
Jon Wagner(Source: Wagner, J. (2006) 'Visible Materials, Visualised Theory and Images of Social Research' Visual Studies, 21:1, pp.55-69)


Talking about pictures: a case for photo elicitation
Douglas Harper (Source: Harper, D. (2002) 'Talking about pictures: a case for photo elicitation'. Visual Studies, 17:1, 2002, pp.13-26)

The Prosthetic Eye
Christopher Pinney (Source: Pinney, C. (2008) 'The Prosthetic Eye: Photography as Cure and Poison' in Matthew Engelke (ed.) 'The Objects of Evidence: Anthropological Approaches to the Production of Knowledge' special issue of Journal of the Royal Anthropological Instititute, 14:S1, pp. s-33-46)

Law In the Age of Images
Richard K. Sherwin (Source: Sherwin, R.K. (2008) 'Visual Literacy in Action' in James Elkins (ed.) Visual Literacy. Routledge, pp.179-194).

Part Four: Science Imaging
A History of Scientific Imagery
Alexis Smets and Christoph Lüthy(Source: Smets, A. and Lüthy, C. (2009) 'Words, Lines, Diagrams, Images: Towards a History of Scientific Imagery', Early Science and Medicine, Vol.14, pp.398-439)

Visual Abstraction and Anatomy
Tricia Daly and Philip Bell(Source: Daly, Tricia and Bell, Philip 2008 'Visual Abstraction and Anatomy: Pre- and Post-Modern Imagery' Visual Communication, 7:2, pp.183-198)

Images Scatter into Data, Data Gather into Images
Peter Galison(Source: Galison, P. (2002) 'Images Scatter into Data, Data Gather into Images' in B. Latour and P.Weibel (ed.) Iconoclash: Beyond the Image Wars in Science, Religion and Art. MIT Press, pp.300-23)

Sensible Models in Cognitive Neuroscience
Arthur Piper(Source: Piper, A. (2006) 'Sensible Models in Cognitive Neuroscience', in 'Logos Of Phenomenology And Phenomenology Of The Logos. Book Four', Analecta Husserliana, Vol 91, Section I, pp.105-118)

Thoughts Not Our Own
Barbara Maria Stafford (Source: Stafford, B.M. (2009) 'Thoughts Not Our Own: Whatever Happened to Selective Attention'. Theory, Culture and Society, Vol. 26, No.2-3, pp.275-293)

Scientific Visualism
Don Ihde (Source: Ihde, D. (1998) from Expanding Hermeneutics, Visualism in Science. Northwestern University Press, pp.158-69)

The Neurology of the Platonic Ideal
Semir Zeki(Source: Zeki, S. (1999) from Inner Vision. Oxford University Press, pp.37-49)

Part Five: Making Images
Writing Hypnagogia
Peter Schwenger (Source: Schwenger, P. (2008) 'Writing Hypnagogia'. Critical Inquiry 34:3, pp.423-439)

Two Kinds of Attention
Anton Ehrenzweig (Source: Ehrensweig, A. (1967) from The Hidden Order of Art. Weidenfeld & Nicolson, a division of The Orion Publishing Group, pp.21-31)

Citizen Hamilton
Hal Foster (Source: Foster, H. (2008) 'Citizen Hamilton: The Art of Richard Hamilton', Artforum, 46, no 10, pp.396-403)

Photographic Being
Yve Lomax (Source: Lomax, Y. (2005) Sounding the Event: Escapades in Dialogue and Matters of Art, Nature and Time. I.B.Tauris, pp.30-37)