Wireless Communication in Underground Mines (eBook)

Preface 5
Acknowledgment 9
Contents 11
Abbreviations 19
Symbols 23
About the Authors 25
Mine Communication Technique 28
1.1 Introduction 28
1.2 Wired Communication Services 29
1.3 Semi-wireless Communication System 37
1.4 Through-the-Earth Communication System 41
1.5 Wireless Communication Services 50
1.6 Rescue Systems for Disaster Management 72
1.7 Conclusions 77
References 82
Evaluation of Suitable Frequency 92
2.1 Introduction 92
2.2 Wave Propagation Through Medium 93
2.3 Laboratory Experiment 94
2.4 Results and Discussion 97
2.5 Conclusions 97
References 98
Trapped Miner Communication 99
3.1 Introduction 99
3.2 System Description 99
3.3 Transmitter Unit 100
3.4 Receiver Unit 103
3.5 Technical Description 106
3.6 Safety Analysis 108
3.7 Component Details 111
3.8 Capabilities of the System 113
3.9 Field Trial 114
3.10 Conclusions 115
References 115
Shaft Communication 117
4.1 Introduction 117
4.2 Theory 117
4.3 Principle 121
4.4 System Description 121
4.5 Technical Details 125
4.6 Field Installation Procedure 126
4.7 Laboratory and Field Trials 127
4.8 Capabilities of the System 129
4.9 Conclusions 130
References 130
Line-of-Sight Communication 131
5.1 Introduction 131
5.2 Propagation of UHF RadioWaves in Coal Mine Tunnels 131
5.3 Expected Communication Range in a Mine and Propagation Loss 139
5.4 System Description 140
5.5 Circuit Diagram 141
5.6 Specification 142
5.7 Field Trial 143
5.8 Capabilities 144
5.9 Conclusions 145
References 145
Mine-Wide Communication 147
6.1 Introduction 147
6.2 The System 148
6.3 Specifications of Leaky Feeder System 150
6.4 Working Technique 152
6.5 Advantages 153
6.6 Types of Cables 153
6.7 Drawbacks 155
6.8 Field Trial 155
6.9 Development of Passive Amplifier 157
6.10 Conclusions 163
References 163
Web-Based Information and Decision Support System for Mining Industry 167
7.1 Introduction 167
7.2 Required Areas of IT Application in Coal Mines 167
7.3 System Description 172
7.4 Conclusions 175
References 177
ZigBee Technology: A UniqueWireless Sensor Networking Solution 178
8.1 Introduction 178
8.2 ZigBee Technology 180
8.3 Specialty of ZigBee Technology 190
8.4 Comparison of ZigBee with Other Wireless Technologies 191
8.5 Features of ZigBee 194
8.6 Application Areas 195
8.7 Manufacturers of ZigBee Devices 195
8.8 Conclusions 195
References 198
Wireless Information and Safety System for Mines 200
9.1 Introduction 200
9.2 Function 200
9.3 The System 203
9.4 Principle and Operating Procedure 262
9.5 System Installation Procedure 272
9.6 Capabilities of the System 275
9.7 Performance Analysis of RFID Devices in Underground Mines 276
9.8 Conclusions 285
References 286
Programming of RFID Devices 288
10.1 Introduction 288
10.2 Function of RFID Devices 288
10.3 CC2430 Chip 289
10.4 CC2430 Modules 291
10.5 Programming of RFID Devices 293
10.6 Network Creation 294
10.7 Network Topologies 295
10.8 Network Layers 296
10.9 Wireless Application Protocol 298
10.10 Medium Access Control 300
10.11 Programming and Functionality of RFID Devices 304
10.12 Conclusions 306
References 306
Tracking and Monitoring Software 308
11.1 Introduction 308
11.2 Application Software 308
11.3 Operating Mode 309
11.4 Flowchart and Algorithm 310
11.5 Installation and Operation Procedures 310
11.6 Conclusions 323
Intrinsic Safety for Hazardous Area 324
12.1 Introduction 324
12.2 Concept of Intrinsic Safety 325
12.3 Classifications 327
12.4 Standards Related to Intrinsic Safety 330
12.5 Important Definitions 334
12.6 Grouping and Classification of IS and Associated Apparatus 336
12.7 Designing of Intrinsically Safe Apparatus 337
12.8 Parameters Considered for Intrinsic Safety 372
12.9 Infallible Components 376
12.10 Use of Shunt Safety Assemblies 378
12.11 Electromagnetic and Ultrasonic Energy Radiating Equipment 384
12.12 Advice to the First-Time Designer 385
12.13 Guidelines for Designing Intrinsic Safety Circuit 392
12.14 Basic Protection Concepts of Intrinsic Safety 395
12.15 Conclusions 397
References 399
Program for RFID Devices 404
1 Programming for Coordinator 404
2 Programming for Router 427
3 Programming for End Device 440
4 Programming for ProximityWarning Device 451
5 Programming for Router with Sensor Device 454
6 Programming for End Device with Data Logger 464
7 Programming for Messaging Device 467
Algorithm of Different Modules of TMS Software 489
Index 494