Dietary Reference Intakes

Since 1994, the Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board has been involved in developing an expanded approach to developing dietary reference standards. This book provides guidance to nutrition and health research professionals on the application of the new DRIs.

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Since 1994 the Institute of Medicine's Food and Nutrition Board has been involved in developing an expanded approach to developing dietary reference standards. This approach, the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs), provides a set of four nutrient-based reference values designed to replace the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs) in the United States and the Recommended Nutrient Intakes (RNIs) in Canada. These reference values include Estimated Average Requirement (EAR), Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA), Adequate Intake (AI), and Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL). To date, several volumes in this series have been published.


This new book, Applications in Dietary Assessment, provides guidance to nutrition and health research professionals on the application of the new DRIs. It represents both a "how to" manual and a "why" manual. Specific examples of both appropriate and inappropriate uses of the DRIs in assessing nutrient adequacy of groups and of individuals are provided, along with detailed statistical approaches for the methods described. In addition, a clear distinction is made between assessing individuals and assessing groups as the approaches used are quite different. Applications in Dietary Assessment will be an essential companion to any-or all-of the DRI volumes.


Table of Contents


Front Matter
Contents
Summary
I. Historical Perspective and Background
1 Introduction and Background
2 Current Uses of Dietary Reference Standards
II. Application of DRIs for Individual Diet Assessment
3 Using Dietary Reference Intakes for Nutrient Assessment of
Individuals
III. Application of DRIs for Group Diet Assessment
4 Using the Estimated Average Requirement for Nutrient Assessment
of Groups
5 Using the Adequate Intake for Nutrient Assessment of Groups
6 Using the Tolerable Upper Intake Level for Nutrient Assessment of
Groups
7 Specific Applications: Assessing Nutrient Intakes of Groups Using
the Dietary Reference Intakes
IV. Fine-Tuning Dietary Assessment Using the DRIs
8 Minimizing Potential Errors in Assessing Group and Individual
Intakes
9 Research Recommended to Improve the Uses of Dietary Reference
Intakes
10 References
Appendix A: Origin and Framework of the Development of Dietary
Reference Intakes
Appendix B: Nutrient Assessment of Individuals: Statistical
Foundations
Appendix C: Assessing Prevalence of Inadequate Intakes for Groups:
Statistical Foundations
Appendix D: Assessing the Performance of the EAR Cut-Point Method
for Estimating Prevalence
Appendix E: Units of Observation: Assessing Nutrient Adequacy Using
Household and Population Data
Appendix F: Rationale for Setting Adequate Intakes
Appendix G: Glossary and Abbreviations
Appendix H: Biographical Sketches of Subcommittee Members
Index
Summary Table: Estimated Average Requirements
Summary Table: Tolerable Upper Intake Levels
Summary Table: Recommended Intakes for Individuals