Energy Resources in East Africa (eBook)

Preface 6
Acknowledgement 9
Contents 11
1 East Africa 15
1.1 Introductory Remarks 15
1.2 Background Facts of East Africa 18
1.3 Energy in East Africa 24
1.4 Household Energy Application and Management 34
1.5 Commercial Energy Management 37
1.6 Energy Choice Factors 45
1.7 Institutional Constraints 52
1.8 Global Energy Situation 54
1.9 Concluding Remarks 57
2 East African Energy Resources 59
2.1 Introductory Remarks 59
2.2 Natural Gas 61
2.3 Coal 62
2.4 Geothermal 63
2.5 Petroleum-Based Fuels 65
2.6 Hydropower 66
2.7 Thermal Generators 70
2.8 Co-Generation 72
2.9 Solar and Wind Energies 74
2.10 Biomass Energy 76
2.11 Concluding Remarks 78
3 Energy Potentials 79
3.1 Introductory Remarks 79
3.2 Hydro Energy 82
3.3 Co-Generation 88
3.4 Portable Generators 91
3.5 Natural Gas, Coal, and Geothermal 92
3.6 Solar Energy 93
3.7 Wind Energy 95
3.8 Biomass 97
3.9 Concluding Remarks 100
4 Energy Planning and Provision Challenges 101
4.1 Introductory Remarks 101
4.2 Reforms: The Immediate Challenge 107
4.3 Concluding Remarks 114
5 Alternative Energy Technology for East Africa 115
5.1 Introductory Remarks 115
5.2 Solar Energy Technologies 116
5.3 Solar Electricity 128
5.4 Wind Energy 146
5.5 Small Hydro Energy 158
5.6 Biomass Technologies 165
5.7 Biomass Energy in Uganda: An East African Model 199
5.8 Concluding Remarks 218
6 The Status of Renewable Energy in East Africa 219
6.1 Introductory Remarks 219
6.2 Renewable Energy Research and Development 226
6.3 Impact of Energy Use on The Environment 230
6.4 Concluding Remarks 238
7 Options and Challenges 239
7.1 Human Resource Development 242
7.2 Biomass: The Challenges 246
7.3 Solar Energy Applications: The Constraints 253
7.4 Wind Energy Challenges 259
7.5 Small Hydropower Systems 261
7.6 Municipal Waste 264
7.7 Policy Issues 265
7.8 Concluding Remarks 274
8 The Way Forward 275
8.1 Some Guidelines 282
8.2 Concluding Remarks 292
Appendix 293
Appendix: Energy Units and Conversion Factors 293
References 295
Index 299