Control of Complex Systems

1. Introduction.- 1.1 Complex Systems and Control.- 1.2 Complex Engineering Systems.- 1.3 The Role of Feedback.- 1.4 Dynamics and Control.- 1.5 The Nature of Failures.- 1.6 Research Challenges.- 1.7 About the Book.- 2. Modeling Complex Physical Systems.- 2.1 Introduction.- 2.2 The Modelica Project.- 2.3 Composition Diagrams.- 2.4 Modelica Details.- 2.5 Non-causal Modeling.- 2.6 Advanced Modeling Features.- 2.7 Standard Libraries.- 2.8 Future Development.- 2.9 Conclusions.- 3. Passivity-based Control of Non-linear Systems.- 3.1 Introduction.- 3.2 Passivity and Stability Analysis of Feedback Interconnections.- 3.3 Feedback Passivity and Stabilization.- 3.4 Euler-Lagrange Systems.- 3.5 Disturbance Attenuation and R oo Control.- 4. An Introduction to Forwarding.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 C1 Dissipative Systems.- 4.3 C1 Dis sipative Systems via Reduction or Extension.- 4.4 Exact Change of Coordinates.- 4.5 Approximate Change of Coordinates.- 5. Iterative Identification and Control Design.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 Youla Parametrization.- 5.3 A Generic Two-degree of Freedom Controller.- 5.4 Optimization of the Generic Scheme.- 5.5 A New Closed-loop System Parametrization.- 5.6 Asymptotic Variances for K-B-Parametrization.- 5.7 Iterative Controller Refinement.- 5.8 Robustness and Sensitivity.- 5.9 Product Inequalities.- 6. Learning Control of Complex Systems.- 6.1 Introduction.- 6.2 Model Structures for Learning.- 6.3 Control Structures for Learning.- 6.4 Learning Paradigms.- 6.5 A General Framework for On-line Learning.- 6.6 Validation.- 6.7 Conclusions.- 7. Software for Complex Controllers.- 7.1 Introduction.- 7.2 An Evolving Paradigm.- 7.3 Emerging Software Concepts.- 7.4 On to Standardization.- 7.5 Sample Complex Software Controllers.- 7.6 The Future of Software for Control.-8. Fault-tolerant Control Systems.- 8.1 Introduction.- 8.2 Basic Definitions.- 8.3 Analysis of Fault Propagation.- 8.4 Analysis of Structure.- 8.5 Recoverability.- 8.6 Autonomous Fault-tolerant Control.- 8.7 An Example: Ship Propulsio.- 8.8 Summary.- 9. Fault Detection and Isolation.- 9.1 The Principle of Model-based Fault Diagnosis.- 9.2 Signal-based FDI Approach.- 9.3 Quantitative Model-based FDI Approach.- 9.4 Qualitative Model-based FDI Approach.- 9.5 Summary.- 10. Residual Generation for FDI in Non-linear Systems.- 10.1 Introduction.- 10.2 Algebraic Approach.- 10.3 Geometric Approach.- 10.4 Conclusion.- 11. Predictive Methods for FTC.- 11.1 Introduction.- 11.2 Predictive Control.- 11.3 Embedding Fault Tolerance in Predictive Control.- 11.4 Model Adaptation and Management.- 11.5 Modifying Control Objectives.- 11.6 Current Industrial Practice.- 11.7 Conclusions.- 12. Three-tank Control Reconfiguration.- 12.1 The Benchmark Problem.- 12.2 Reconfigurability Analysis.- 12.3 Reconfiguration Based on a Qualitative Model.- 12.4 A Hybrid Approach to Reconfigurable Control.- 12.5 A Multi-model-based Reconfigurable Control.- 12.6 A Neural Observer-based Approach.- 12.7 Conclusions.- 13. Ship Propulsion Control and Reconfiguration.- 13.1 Introduction.- 13.2 Ship Propulsion System.- 13.3 Structural Analysis.- 13.4 Fault Detection: A Fuzzy Observer Approach.- 13.5 Fault Detection: Non-linear Approach - 1.- 13.6 Fault Detection: Non-linear Approach - 2.- 13.7 Reconfiguration Using Software Redundancy.- 13.8 Reconfiguration Using Predictive Control.- 13.9 Summary and Conclusions.- 14. Learning Control of Thermal Systems.- 14.1 Introduction.- 14.2 On Thermal System Learning Control.- 14.3 Controlling Kiln Heat Processing.- 14.4 Controlling Reheat Furnace Processes.- 14.5 Hierarchical Control for Quality Ceramic Tiles.- 14.6 Learning Control ofFBC Combustion.- 14.7 Conclusions and Future Research.- 15. Vibration Control of High-rise Buildings.- 15.1 Introduction.- 15.2 Energy and Information.- 15.3 Analytical Mechanics and HRB Modelling.- 15.4 Disturbance Decoupling.- 15.5 Passivity Based Control.- 15.6 Engineering Constraints and Feedback.- 15.7 Feedback Control and Testing.- 15.8 Conclusions and Future Research.- 16. Control of Helicopters.- 16.1 Introduction.- 16.2 Project History.- 16.3 The COSY Program.- 16.4 Hardware System.- 16.5 Software.- 16.6 Design of the Autopilot.- 16.7 Future Development.- 16.8 Conclusions.- 17. Satellite Attitude Control.- 17.1 Introduction to the Attitude Control Problem.- 17.2 Fault-tolerant Control of the 0RSTED Satellite.- 17.3 Stabilization of the Angular Velocity of a Rigid Body.- 17.4 Optimal Slew Maneuvers via Geometric Control Theory.- 17.5 Attitude Control using Magnetorquers as Sole Actuators.- 17.6 Predictive Attitude Control of Small Satellites.- 17.7 Attitude Determination without Sensor Redundancy.- 17.8 Summary.- Appendix A. List of Contributors.- Appendix B. List of Abbreviations.- References.