Single Case Research Methodology

Jennifer R. Ledford is an Associate Professor in the Department of Special Education at Vanderbilt University. David L. Gast is Professor Emeritus of Special Education in the Department of Communication Sciences and Special Education at the University of Georgia.

Preface

Section 1

1. Research Approaches

Callouts:

1-1: Questions for Scientist-Practitioners

2. External Validity and Generalizable Knowledge

3. Establishing Internal Validity via Within-Study Replication

4. Selection, Characterization, and Measurement of Dependent Variables

Callouts:

4-1: A Commentary on Why Interval Systems are Used Despite Evidence of Inaccuracy

5. Reliability and Validity of Dependent Variables

6. Development and Measurement of Independent Variables

7. Measuring Generality and Social Validity in Single Case Research

Callouts:

7-1: Labeling Generalization and Maintenance Conditions

8. Data Representation and Performance Characteristics

Section 2

9. Conducting Studies Using Sequential Introduction and Withdrawal of Conditions

Callouts:

9-1: Baseline, Business-As-Usual, and Treatment Conditions

9-2: Applied Example of Withdrawal Design

9-3: Applied Example of Reversal Design

9-4: Applied Example of Multitreatment Design

9-5: Applied Example of Changing Criterion Design

10 Analyzing Data from Studies Using Sequential Introduction and Withdrawal of Conditions

Callouts:

10-1: Should I Include Extra Phases to Establish Non-Effects?

10-2: Reliability of Visual Analysis

10-3: Applied Example of Withdrawal Design

10-4: Applied Example of Reversal Design

10-5: Applied Example of Multitreatment Design

10-6: Applied Example of Changing Criterion Design

11 Conducting Studies Using Time Lagged Condition Ordering

Callouts

11-1: Selecting Intervention Targets

11-2: How Rigorous are Nonconcurrent MB Designs?

11-3: Applied Example of Multiple Baseline Across Participants Design

11-4: Applied Example of Multiple Baseline Across Behaviors Design

11-5: Applied Example of Multiple Probe across Behaviors Design (Days Variation)

11-6: Applied Example of Multiple Probe Across Participants Design (Days Variation)

11-7: How do I Choose Between Multiple Baseline and Multiple Probe Design Variations

12 Analyzing Data from Studies Using Time Lagged Conditions

Callouts

12-1: Masked Visual Analysis

12-2: Baseline Lengths: How Different is Different Enough?

12-3: Inconsistent Inter-Participant Replication in Single Case Design Studies

12-4: Applied Example of Multiple Baseline across Participants Design

12-5: Applied Example of Multiple Baseline across Behaviors Design

12-6: Applied Example of Multiple Probe across Behaviors Design

12-7: Applied Example of Multiple Probe across Participants Design

13 Conducting Studies Using Rapid Iterative Alternation of Conditions

Callouts

13-1: What’s in a Name? Multielement versus Alternating Treatments Designs

13-2: Applied Example of ME-ATD

13-3: Why do You Need Multiple Behavior Sets for AATDs but not ME-ATDs?

13-4: Applied Example of AATD

13-5: Applied Example of a Repeated Acquisition Design

13-6: Applied Example of Simultaneous Treatments Procedure

14 Analyzing Data from Studies Using Rapid Iterative Alternation

Callouts

14-1: Applied Example of ME-ATD

14-2: Applied Example of AATD

14-3: Applied Example of Repeated Acquisition

15 Selecting and Combining Designs

Section 3

16 Ethical Principles and Practices in Research

17 Evaluating Single Case Research

18 Writing Research Proposals and Empirical Reports

19 Conducting Systematic Reviews and Syntheses

Index