Geosynthetics in Civil and Environmental Engineering (eBook)

Preface 5
Contents 8
Fundamental Principles and Properties of Geosynthetics 18
INVESTIGATING THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN CREEP AND WATER FLOW CAPACITY OF GEOSYNTHETICS 19
STUDY ON VERTICAL PERMEABILITY COEFFICIENT OF NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILE 24
DISCRETE ELEMENT MODELLING OF GEOGRID PULLOUT TEST 27
STUDY ON THE WHOLE STABILITY ANALYSIS METHOD FOR REINFORCED SOFT FOUNDATION OF EMBANKMENT WITH GEOFABRIC 31
STRESS RELAXATION BEHAVIORS OF NONWOVEN GEOTEXTILE COMPOSITES 36
PREDICTION OF WEATHERABILITY OF GEOSYNTHETICS UNDER EXPOSURE CONDITIONS 41
ENVIRONMENTAL STRESS CRACK RESISTANCE OF GEOMEMBRANE BY NCTL TEST 46
WEATHERING DEGRADATION OF POLYESTER AND POLYPROPYLENE GEOTEXTILES 51
EVALUATION OF GEOMEMBRANE UV DEGRADATION USING MELT FLOW INDEX AND OXIDATIVE INDUCTION TIME TESTS 56
UV EXPOSURE OF POLYMERIC GEOMEMBRANES 60
PROGRESSIVE FAILURE PROPERTIES OF SAND RETAINING WALL REINFORCED WITH DENTI- STRIP INCLUSIONS 65
EVALUATION ON STRESS CRACKING RESISTANCES OF VARIOUS HDPE DRAINAGE GEONETS 70
INFLUENCE OF SOLUTION CHARACTERISTICS ON SWELLING AND HYDRAULIC PERFORMANCE OF GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS 74
POST- CONSTRUCTION TIME HISTORY OF TENSILE FORCE IN GEOGRID ARRANGED IN A FULL- SCALE HIGH WALL 80
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON CREEP PROPERTIES OF PLASTIC GEOGRID UNDER LOW TEMPERATURE 86
THE USE OF BETA NUCLEATION TO IMPROVE THE PROPERTIES AND LOWER THE COST OF POLYPROPYLENE GEOGRIDS 90
EFFECTS OF Y TYPE PP FIBERS AND HYDROXYETHYL METHYLCELLULOSE ( HEMC) ON DRY- SHRINKAGE OF CEMENT MORTARS 94
UNIFIED CONSTITUTIVE CURVES OF STRAIN-HARDENING MEDIUM AND STRAIN-SOFTENING MEDIUM 98
Testing and Test Standards 101
CHARACTERISTICS OF SELF-HEALING OF GCL 102
DEVELOPMENT AND IMPORTANCE OF TESTING AND SPECIFICATION OF GEOSYNTHETICS 106
PERMEABILITY TEST AND SHEAR TEST ON GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINER 110
LONG-TERM PROTECTION EFFICIENCY OF NONWOVEN POLYPROPYLENE GEOTEXTILES 114
STUDY ON CREEP STRENGTH TEST OF HIGH-STRENGTH GEOGRID 120
DEVELOPMENT OF THERMO-GRAPH INSPECTION FOR GEOMEMBRANE SEAM EVALUATION 125
UNDRAINED AND DRAINED TRIAXIAL TESTS OF FIBER-REINFORCED SAND 129
ACCELERATED TESTING OF GEOSYNTHETICS GEOSYNTHETICS FOR DESIGN AND MATERIAL CONFIRMATION SUPPORT 136
CREEP TESTS OF GLASS FIBER REINFORCED PLASTICS 143
STUDY ON HYSTERESIS PROPERTIES OF PIEZOMETER TUBES USING CIRCULATING WATER MODEL 147
Physical Tests and Centrifuge Tests 151
EVALUATION OF INTERFACE PARAMETERS FROM PULLOUT TEST IN SILTY SAND AND WEATHERED CLAY 152
PULLOUT BEHAVIOUR OF DIFFERENT GEOSYNTHETICS EMBEDDED IN GRANULAR SOILS 159
PROTECTION EFFICIENCY OF NONWOVEN POLYPROPYLENE GEOTEXTILES AGAINST IMPACT DAMAGE 164
CENTRIFUGAL MODELING OF A GEOGRID-REINFORCED EMBANKMENT ON SOFT SUBSOIL 175
DETERMINATION OF INTERFACE SHEAR STRENGTH OF GEOSYNTHETICS USING CENTRIFUGE 181
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF PULL-OUT RESISTANCE OF UNIAXIAL GEOGRIDS 187
DEVELOPMENT AND APPLICATION OF CS-LB01 GEOSYNTHETICS PULLOUT TEST SYSTEM 192
GEOTECHNICAL CENTRIFUGE EXPERIMENT AND FORCE ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED CUSHION WITH PILE CAP NET STRUCTURE EMBANKMENT 198
CENTRIFUGE SHAKING TABLE TESTS ON SATURATED REINFORCED SOIL WALLS 204
CENTRIFUGE MODELING ON FIBER REINFORCED FLY ASH SLOPE 210
Reinforcement 216
IMPORTANCE OF STRONG CONNECTION BETWEEN GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCEMENT AND FACING FOR GRS INTEGRAL BRIDGE 217
STUDY ON SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF GEOGRID REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALLS AND DEFORMATION CHARACTERISTICS OF BACKFILL SOIL 223
DEVELOPMENT OF REINFORCED EARTH WALL SYSTEM WITH STEEL- FRAMED FACING 228
GEOGRID REINFORCED SEGMENTAL RETAINING WALL FOR NH5, DHARMAVARAM TO TUNI, ANDHRA PRADESH, INDIA 233
WETTING-INDUCED GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED SLOPE FAILURE 241
SIMULATING PLANE STRAIN TESTS OF SAND SPECIMEN REINFORCED WITH H- V ORTHOGONAL INCLUSIONS BY PFC 246
INVESTIGATION ON RESTRAINT EFFECT OF GEOGRIDS ON SHALLOW LAYER FAILURE OF EXPANSIVE SOIL SLOPE 250
DETERMINATION OF CUT SLOPE REINFORCEMENT USING AHP TECHNIQUE 256
GEOMETRY DESIGN METHOD CONSIDERING SURCHARGE LOAD BEHIND TIERED REINFORCED SOIL WALL 261
STUDY ON THE GEOGRID REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALL OF CONCRETE RIGID FACE BY FIELD TEST 267
EFFECT OF REINFORCED SAND CUSHION ON THE LIMIT FILL HEIGHT OF EMBANKMENT ON SOFT CLAY FOUNDATION 273
APPLICATION OF THE GEOGRID REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALLS FOR A HIGH SLOPE SUPPORTING PROJECT 278
USING FLAC3D NUMERICAL SIMULATION METHOD TO CHOOSE THE REINFORCED LENGTH OF THE SOIL RETAINING WALL 283
UPPER-BOUND LIMIT ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED SLOPES FOR CLAY SOIL 289
AN EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE EFFECT OF REINFORCING MATERIALS FOR THE STABILIZATION OF SOFT GROUND 293
NUMERICAL SIMULATION OF GEOGRID REINFORCED LIGHTWEIGHT GEOMATERIALS ON SOFT GROUND AREA 298
A STUDY ON THE DEFORMATION BEHAVIOR OF LABORATORY GEOSYNTHETICS REINFORCED SOIL WALLS 303
REDUCED SCALE SHAKING TABLE TESTS ON GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALLS 307
A NUMERICAL MODEL FOR EPS GEOFOAM SEISMIC BUFFERS 312
ELASTO-VISCOPLASTIC SIMULATION OF BEARING CAPACITY CHARACTERISTICS OF STRIP FOOTING ON REINFORCED SAND 317
INFLUENCE OF INTERFERENCE ON FAILURE MECHANISM OF CLOSELY CONSTRUCTED CIRCULAR FOOTINGS ON REINFORCED SAND 323
ANALYTICAL STUDY ON GEOTEXTILE-REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALLS DAMAGED DURING THE 2004 MID NIIGATA NIIGATA PREFECTURE JAPAN EARTHQUAKE 330
INTERNAL STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SEGMENTAL GEOGRID-REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALLS 334
BEARING CAPACITY OF RING FOOTINGS ON REINFORCED CLAY 340
THE HORIZONTAL DEFORMATION STUDY ON THE GEOGRID REINFORCED EARTH RETIANING WALL 344
COMPARE ANALYSIS OF INFLUENCE OF SOIL PROPERTY UPON GEOSYNTHETICS REINFORCEMENT EMBANKMENT 348
DESIGN AND CONSTRUCTION OF A 20-METER HIGH REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALL 354
Soil Improvement and Ground Improvement 358
GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED POND ASH SUBGRADE FOR RURAL ROADS 359
A STUDY ON SHEAR STRENGTH AND DEFORMATION OF SANDY SOIL REINFORCED WITH TIRE CORD WASTES 365
THE USE OF GEOTEXTILE TO COUNTER HEAVE PROBLEM IN SPREAD FOOTING IN JORDANIAN EXPANSIVE SOIL 370
TREAT CUT SLOPES WITH EXPANSIVE SOILS ADOPTING GEOGRID- REINFORCED TECHNIQUE 374
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE STRENGTH CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPANSIVE SOIL REINFORCED WITH SYNTHETIC FIBERS 379
CHANGE OF FAILURE MECHANISM OF CEMENT TREATED CLAY BY ADDING TIRE CHIPS 384
APPLICATION OF CEMENT-MIXED GRAVEL REINFORCED BY GEOGRID FOR SOFT GROUND IMPROVEMENT 390
EFFECT OF POLYPROPYLENE FIBERS ON THE STRENGTH AND ELASTIC MODULUS OF SOIL- CEMENT 396
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON STRENGTH AND MECHANICAL BEHAVIOR OF COMPACTED SOIL- FIBER MIXTURES 402
INFLUENCE OF SO3 CONTENT ON THE STRENGTH OF CEMENT- FLY ASH STABILIZED CRUSHED- STONES 408
Filter and Drainage Characteristics 413
DRAINAGE CHARACTERISTICS OF REINFORCED DRAINAGE GEOTEXTILE FOR LANDFILL COLLECTION SYSTEM 414
PILOT SCALE FIELD TEST FOR NATURAL FIBER DRAIN 418
FILTRATION PERFORMANCE OF A SILT/GEOTEXTILE SYSTEM WITHIN A TRIAXIAL PERMEAMETER 424
EVALUATION OF DISCHARGE CAPACITY WITH VARIOUS VERTICAL DRAIN CORE TYPES 429
L- SHAPED GEODRAIN IN EMBANKMENT MODEL TEST AND NUMERICAL SIMULATION 437
IN-SOIL HYDRAULIC TRANSMISSIVITY OF GEOSYNTHETIC DRAINS IN THE LABORATORY 443
VACUUM-PVD COMBINATION WITH EMBANKMENT LOADING CONSOLIDATION IN SOFT BANGKOK CLAY : A CASE STUDY OF THE SUVARNABHUMI AIRPORT PROJECT 449
THE PERFORMANCE OF ALTERNATIVE GEOCOMPOSITES FOR DRAINAGE UNDER LABORATORY AND FIELD CONDITIONS 459
STRENGTH INCREASE OF PVD-IMPROVED SOFT CLAY UNDER STAGED EMBANKMENT LOADING 465
RENOVATED VACUUM CONSOLIDATION WITH ELECTROOSMOSIS 469
Landfill Engineering 473
GEOSYNTHETICS COVER SYSTEM FOR THE REMEDIATION OF A DISMISSED INDUSTRIAL SITE IN MILANO 474
LARGE-SCALE SHEAR TESTS ON INTERFACE SHEAR PERFORMANCE OF LANDFILL LINER SYSTEMS 480
LEACHATE FILTER GEOTEXTILE AND APPLICATION FOR LAOGANG MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE LANDFILL, SHANGHAI 486
CASE HISTORY: KWAI CHUNG PARK VIADUCT AT GIN DRINKER’S BAY LANDFILL, HONG KONG 493
EVALUATION OF TENSILE FORCE OF LINER SYSTEM WITH THE VARIATION OF HEIGHT OF INCINERATED ASH 499
EVALUATION OF CLAY GEOSYNTHETIC BARRIERS IN LANDFILL COVER SYSTEMS 503
ABILITY OF CONCRETE ANCHORAGE FOR GEOMEMBRANE BARRIER IN LANDFILL 509
INTERPRETATION OF INSTALLATION DAMAGE OF GEOGRIDS BY CONSIDERING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS 515
ANALYSIS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITION EFFECTS OF WASTE LANDFILL ON GEOMEMBRANE PERFORMANCE 520
VISUALIZATION OF CRACKS IN COMPACTED CLAYEY SOIL DUE TO USING X- RAY CT 524
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THERMAL STRAIN CREATING IN BARRIER SHEET IN WASTE LANDFILL 528
EVALUATING METHODS TO MODIFY THE CHEMICAL RESISTANCE OF GEOSYNTHETIC CLAY LINERS 533
FLOATING COVER FOR LEACHATE LAGOON AT HANGZHOU 539
GEOGRID REINFORCED SOIL STRUCTURES TO INCREASE LANDFILL CAPACITY 543
MODELING OF REHABILITATION OF UNREGULATED SOLID WASTE LANDFILLS 547
RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SHORT-TERM COMPRESSION STRENGTH AND TRANSMISSIVITY PROPERTIES OF GEONETS 553
GAS PERMEABILITY OF HYBRID GEOSYNTHETICS FOR LANDFILL CAP COVER 559
ANALYSIS OF TENSION OF GEOMEMBRANES PLACED ON LANDFILL SLOPES 565
INFLUENCE OF WASTE AND SUBGRADE SETTLEMENT ON LANDFILL LINIER STABILITY AND INTEGRITY 571
ANALYSES OF GEOMEMBRANE AROUND CIRCULAR STRUCTURES 576
NUMERICAL MODELING OF SMOOTH GEOMEMBRANE—SOIL INTERACTION SHEAR BEHAVIOUR BY DISTINCT ELEMENT METHOD 582
NONLINEAR DIFFUSION OF SOLUTE IN SOIL COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN COLUMN TEST METHOD AND PRELIMINARY RESULT 586
Geosystem Usage 590
UNDRAINED SHEAR STRENGTH PREDICTION AND STABILITY ANALYSIS OF GEOCOMPOSITE REINFORCED EMBANKMENT WITH CLAYEY BACKFILL 591
GEOTEXTILE TUBE APPLICATION AS THE COFFERDAM AT THE FORESHORE WITH LARGE TIDAL RANGE FOR INCHEON BRIDGE PROJECT 597
CASE STUDY ON EARTH REINFORCEMENT USING SOILBAGS 603
VERIFICATION OF VIBRATION REDUCTION CHARACTERISTICS WITH SOILBAG STRUCTURE 609
APPLICATION OF STACKED SOILBAGS FOR SLOPE PROTECTION 615
MODELING GEOTEXTILE CONTAINER IN MARINE CONSTRUCTION USING GEOTECHNICAL CENTRIFUGE 621
APPLICATION OF GEOTUBES USED AS ENERGY DISSIPATER BEHIND A DAM 627
STUDY ON THE EXPERIMENT OF STABILITY OF UNARMORED FLAT GEOTUBE DIKE UNDER WAVE ACTION 631
FLUME EXPERIMENT AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR BANK REINFORCEMENT WITH GEOCONTAINER 636
Transportation Applications 643
BEHAVIOR ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALL UNDER CYCLIC LOADING 644
HIGH GEOGRID- REINFORCED SOIL RETAINING WALLS FOR A NEW AIRPORT 650
APPLICATION OF PREFABRICATED VERTICAL DRAINS TO THE CHANGI LAND RECLAMATION PROJECT, SINGAPORE 656
STUDY OF BEHAVIOUR OF BALLAST USING GEOSYNTHETICS 661
STUDY ON THE MECHANISM OF EMBANKMENT REINFORCED WITH GEOTEXTILE BY FINITE ELEMENT METHOD 667
PRE-FAILURE PERFORMANCE AND FAILURE MECHANISM OF TWO TIER GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED SOIL WALL 672
NUMERCIAL ANALYSIS OF GEOGRID AND PLASTIC DRAINAGE PLATE USED IN EXISTED RAILWAY ALTERATION PROJECT 678
FEM ANALYSIS ON GEOGRID REINFORCED ASPHALT CONCRETE PAVEMENT 682
DYNAMIC FINITE ELEMENT ANALYSIS OF REINFORCED AND UNREINFORCED PAVEMENTS OVER SOFT CLAY 688
DEVELOPMENT OF ASPHALT OVERLAY FABRIC FROM JUTE AND ITS PERFORMANCE EVALUATION 693
Geosynthetic-Pile Support Systems Sand Geocell Usage 700
GERMAN RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REINFORCED EMBANKMENTS ON PILE- SIMILAR ELEMENTS 701
DESIGN METHODS FOR PILE SUPPORTED BASAL REINFORCED EMBANKMENTS OVER SOFT CLAY 707
THEORETICAL AND NUMERICAL ANALYSIS ON GEOSYNTHETIC- REINFORCED AND PILE WALL- SUPPORTED EMBANKMENT 713
CALCULATION TECHNIQUES AND DIMENSIONING OF ENCASED COLUMNS — DESIGN AND STATE OF THE ART 722
FORMULA OF PILE-SOIL STRESS RATIO IN PILE (SAND PILE)-NET (GEOGRID) COMPOSITE GROUND 728
PERFORMANCE OF ENCASED STONE COLUMNS AND DESIGN GUIDELINES FOR CONSTRUCTION ON SOFT CLAY SOILS 733
ANALYSIS OF GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED STONE COLUMNS IN SOFT CLAY 739
NUMERICAL ANALYSIS FOR MECHANISMS OF A GEOCELL-REINFORCED BASE UNDER A VERTICAL LOAD 745
BEARING CAPACITY IMPROVEMENT OF ASPHALT PAVED ROAD CONSTRUCTIONS DUE TO THE USE OF GEOCELLS — FALLING WEIGHT DEFLECTOMETER AND VERTICAL STRESS MEASURESMENTS 751
Hydraulic Applications 758
DESIGN OF EARTH DAMS ALLOWING TEMPORARY OVERTOPPING BASED ON HYDRAULIC FAILURE EXPERIMENTS AND FLOOD ANALYSIS 759
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY ON THE INTERACTION MECHANISM BETWEEN GEOGRID AND EXPANSIVE ROCK BY PULL- OUT TEST 765
HDPE LINED WATER RESERVOIRS FOR POWER GENERATING STATIONS 771
GEOGRID REINFORCEMENT ON HIGH EMBANKMENT/SLOPE APPLICATION IN JINPING POWER STATION PROJECT 777
IMPROVEMENT OF ARCH ACTION AT CLAY CORE-WALL OF HIGH ROCKFILL DAM BY UNITED SEEPAGE CONCROL WITH GEOMEMBRANE 782
APPLICATION OF GEOSYNTHETICS FOR OFFSHORE BREAKWATERS AND COFFERDAMS 787
RESEARCH ON AGEING RESISTANCE OF GEOTEXTILE 794
ANALYSIS OF ANTI- SLIDING MECHANISM OF GEOSYNTHETIC REINFORCED BEDDING COURSE 801
DRAINAGE STRUCTURE OF THE GEOSYNTHETICS PREVENTING THE BACK-DIKE SILTY SOIL FROM DISPERSED IMMERSION DESTRUCTION 809
INTEGRATION AND DEMONSTRATION OF SAND DIKES ECOLOGICAL PROTECTION TECHNOLOGY 813
Ecological Techniques and Case Histories 817
INTRODUCTION AND APPLICATION OF GEOSYNTHETIC IN QINGHAI- TIBET RAILWAY CONSTRUCTION 818
GEOGRID WRAPPED AROUND AND VEGETATED REINFORCED WALL APPLICATIONS IN THE VILLAGE OF OLYMPIC GAMES IN UNIVERSIADE 2005 IZMIR TURKEY 824
LANDFILL BIOREACTOR FINANCIAL ANALYSIS— MONTEREY PENINSULA LANDFILL, MARINA, CALIFORNIA 829
HIGH COST OF FAILURE 834
CALCULATING THEORY OF SLOPE STABILITY INFLUENCED BY COMBINED UNDERGROUND AND OPEN PIT EXTRACTION 840
VERTICAL ECOLOGICAL RESTORATION TECHNIQUE FOR THE HIGH-STEEP ROCK SLOPES OF HIGHWAY IN MOUNTAINOUS AREA 844
INFLUENCES OF A RAINFALL ON THE STABILITY OF GRANITE RESIDUAL SOIL SLOPES 848
FAILURE OF SEGMENTAL RETAINING WALLS DUE TO THE INSUFFICIENCY OF BACKFILL PERMEABILITY 853
DESIGN AND INSTALLATION OF ROCK FALL BARRIERS FOR THE POS SLIM PROJECT, MALAYSIA 858
BIO-ENGINEERING APPROACH WITH JUTE GEOTEXTILE FOR SLOPE STABILIZATION 864
NEWLY TECHNOLOGY ON GEOTEXTILE APPLICATION IN THE IMPROVEMENT PROJECT OF THE DEEP- DRAFT CHANNEL OF YANGTZE ESTUARY 869