Microcontrollers in Practice (eBook)

Preface 7
The Aim of this Book 7
What’s in this Book 8
Who Should Read this Book 8
How to Read this Book 9
Disclaimer 9
Contents 10
1 Resources of Microcontrollers 15
1.1 In this Chapter 15
1.2 Microcontroller Architectures 15
1.3 The Memory Map 17
1.4 CPU Registers 19
1.5 The Peripheral Interfaces 22
1.6 The Interrupt System 23
1.7 Expanding the Resaurces of Microcontrollers 26
1.8 Exercises 29
2 Using the Digital I/O Lines 33
2.1 In this Chapter 33
2.2 Overview of the Parallel I/O System 33
2.3 Electrical Characteristics of the I/O Lines 35
2.4 Controlling the I/O Lines by Software 37
2.5 Exercises 38
3 Using the Asynchronous Serial Interface 40
3.1 In this Chapter 40
3.2 Synchronous vs. Asynchronous Communication 40
3.3 Error Detection in Asynchronous Communication 42
3.4 The General Structure of the Asynchronous Serial Communication Interface 43
3.5 The Serial Communication Interface of 68HC11F1 43
3.6 The Asynchronous Serial Communication Interface of AVR Microcontrollers 48
3.7 The Asynchronous Serial Interface of 8051 49
3.8 Programming the Asynchronous Serial Interface 50
3.9 Hardware Interfaces for Serial Communication 55
3.10 Basic Principles of Networking with Microcontrollers, Using the Asynchronous Serial Interface 58
3.11 Exercises 59
4 Using the Synchronous Serial Interface SPI 62
4.1 In this Chapter 62
4.2 General Description of the SPI 62
4.3 The SPI of HC11 Microcontrollers 63
4.4 The SPI of the AVR Microcontrollers 66
4.5 Examples of Using The SPI 68
4.6 Exercises 72
5 Using The I2C Bus 73
5.1 In this Chapter 73
5.2 The Principles of Implementation of the I2C Bus 73
5.3 A Software Implementation of the I2C Protocol 75
5.4 Accessing 24C256 Memory Devices 76
5.5 Exercises 78
6 Using the MCU Timers 79
6.1 In this Chapter 79
6.2 The General Structure and Functions of the Timer System 79
6.3 Distinctive Features of the General-Purpose Timer of HC11 81
6.4 Distinctive Feature of the Timer of the AVR Microcontrollers 87
6.5 Distinctive Features of the Timer System of the 8051 Microcontrollers 93
6.6 PWM Timers. Principles of Operation 99
6.7 Watchdog Timers 101
7 Interfacing to Analog Signals 104
7.1 In This Chapter 104
7.2 The Analog Comparator 104
7.3 The General Structure of the A/D Converter Subsystem 106
7.4 The A/D Converter of the HC11 Family of Microcontrollers 107
7.5 Exercises on Programming the A/D Converter of HC11 109
7.6 The A/D Converter of the AVR Microcontrollers 111
7.7 Exercises on Programming the A/D Converter AT90S8535 112
7.8 Digital-to-Analog Converters 113
8 Using the Internal EEPROM Memory 118
8.1 In this Chapter 118
8.2 Overwiew of the EEPROM Subsystem 118
8.3 The EEPROM Memory and the CONFIG Register of HC11 118
8.4 The EEPROM Memory of the AVR Microcontrollers 122
9 HC11 Development Board 125
9.1 In this Chapter 125
9.2 Description of the Hardware Module 125
9.3 Assembling and Testing the Module 127
9.4 Description of the Software Components 129
9.5 Exercises 139
10 AVR Development Board 141
10.1 In this Chapter 141
10.2 The Hardware 141
10.3 Testing the Circuit 144
10.4 The Software 144
10.5 Exercises 154
11 8051 Development Board 155
11.1 In this Chapter 155
11.2 Hardware 155
11.3 The Software 158
11.4 Exercises 164
12 Digital Voltmeter with RS232 Interface 166
12.1 In this Chapter 166
12.2 The Hardware 166
12.3 The Software 166
12.4 Exercises 171
13 Simple RS485 Network with Microcontrollers 172
13.1 In this Chapter 172
13.2 The Hardware 172
13.3 The Software 176
13.4 Exercises 181
14 PI Temperature Controller 182
14.1 In this Chapter 182
14.2 Basic Concepts 182
14.3 Hardware Implementation of a Microcontroller-Based Temperature Controller 186
14.4 Software Implementation of a PI Temperature Controller 188
15 Fuzzy Logic Temperature Controller 193
15.1 In this Chapter 193
15.2 The Principles of Fuzzy Control 193
15.3 A Microcontroller Implementation of a Fuzzy Controller 197
16 Remote Relay Controller over Telephone Lines 201
16.1 In this Chapter 201
16.2 Description of the Hardware Solution 201
16.3 Description of the Software 205
Appendices 210
A.1 Glossary of Terms 210
A.2 Description of the Registers of 68HC11F1 220
A.3 HC11 Instruction Set 222
A.4 An Example of Expanded Structure with HC11 226
A.5 Using HC11 in Bootstrap Mode 228
A.6 The Registers of AT90S8535 231
A.7 AVR Instruction Set 232
A.8 AT90S8515 Operating with External RAM 235
A.9 In-system Programming the AVR AT90S8535 236
A.10 The Special Function Registers of 8051 239
A.11 8051 Instruction Set 240
A.12 An Example of 8051 Operating with External Bus 244
A.13 Programming the Internal Memory of 8051 245
A.14 SPI Seven-Segment Display Units 247
A.15 Description of the Software Utility ASMEDIT 250
B.1 Contents of the Accompanying CD 252
B.2 Recommended Readings andWeb References 254
Index 255