Post-Socialist City (eBook)

Table of contents 7
INTRODUCTION 10
1 Taking stock of post-socialist urban development: A recapitulation 11
1.1 The significance of the post-socialist urban form transformations 12
1.2 The rate and direction of spatial restructuring 14
1.3 The impacts of urban spatial restructuring after 1989 16
1.4 Urban development trends beyond the transition period 19
1.5 Book organization and structure 23
Notes 24
References 24
PART 1 REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT TRENDS 26
2 Political reform, economic development, and regional growth in post- socialist Europe 27
2.1 Cross-national variations 30
2.2 Regional disparities 35
References 39
3 Regional growth dynamics in Central and Eastern Europe in the socio- economic and geographic context of a post- socialist reality 41
3.1 Regional dynamics in the Visegrad1 countries 41
3.2 Regional transformation in the Slovak Republic 47
Notes 56
References 57
4 Urbanization patterns in Russia in the post- Soviet era 59
4.1 Urbanization in Soviet Russia 59
4.2 Urban population dynamics in the post-Soviet era 60
4.3 Conclusion 73
Notes 74
References 74
PART 2 NON- RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT 77
5 The restructuring of non-residential uses in the post- socialist metropolis 78
5.1 The rise of the commercial property markets after 1989 78
5.2 The new patterns of office development 88
5.3 The retail explosion 92
5.4 Industrial development in the post-socialist age 98
Notes 102
References 102
6 Land market, commercial real estate, and the remolding of Moscow’s urban fabric 105
6.1 Introduction 105
6.2 Specific features of Moscow’s land market 106
6.3 Moscow’s office real estate market and the development of new business centers 108
6.4 Moscow’s retail market and changes in the location of retail activities 112
6.5 Industrial market development 116
6.6 Conclusions 117
Notes 118
References 118
7 Office development and post-communist city formation: The case of Prague 120
7.1 Introduction 120
7.2 Office development in Prague since 19933 121
7.3 From centrality to decentralization: trends in the territorial distribution of office space 135
7.4 Office development and urban change 139
7.5 Conclusions 143
Acknowledgement 144
Notes 145
References 145
8 The evolution of industrial areas in Budapest after 1989 149
8.1 Introduction 149
8.2 Historical background 150
8.3 Changes in the industrial sector after 1989 154
8.4 Changes in industrial areas after 1989 156
8.5 Conclusions 169
Notes 170
References 170
PART 3 RESIDENTIAL DEVELOPMENT 173
9 Housing trends in Central and Eastern European cities during and after the period of transition 174
9.1 The housing market 174
9.2 Post-socialist housing policies 177
9.3 The evolution of residential patterns during the transition period 180
Notes 189
References 189
10 Social and spatial consequences of the restitution of real estate1 192
10.1 Introduction 192
10.2 Restitution regulation in Eastern Europe 194
10.3 The public conflict about restitution 198
10.4 Social consequences in East Germany7 199
10.5 Social effects of restitution in Poland 206
10.6 Excursus: Housing privatization in Russia – the case of St. Petersburg 207
10.7 Restitution between efficiency and justice 209
Notes 211
References 212
Documents 214
11 The perils of post-socialist transformation: Residential development in Sofia 216
11.1 Introduction 216
11.2 Characteristics of the residential market in post- socialist Sofia 219
11.3 Residential development patterns 223
11.4 Conclusions 240
Acknowledgements 242
Notes 242
References 243
12 Upscale housing in post-Soviet Moscow and its environs 246
12.1 Introduction 246
12.2 Underlying factors 247
12.3 Location and diffusion of upscale housing 253
12.4 Conclusion 261
Notes 263
References 264
PART 4 THE EVOLUTION OF PUBLIC SPACE 267
13 Democracy, markets, and public space in the transitional societies of Central and Eastern Europe 268
13.1 Introduction 268
13.2 Characteristics of public space in the socialist city 269
13.3 Post-socialist transformations of public space 270
13.4 Conclusions 279
Notes 281
References 282
14 Public space in the “blue cities” of Russia 283
14.1 Introduction 283
14.2 Public space in Soviet cities 285
14.3 Public spaces in post-Soviet cities 288
14.4 Conclusion 296
Notes 297
References 297
15 The peculiar history of (post) communist public places and spaces: Bucharest as a case study 299
15.1 Of place and space 299
15.2 Civic plazas: The communist rapture of urban public places 300
15.3 Bucharest’s own “new civic center” 303
15.4 Privatization of the most public space of Bucharest 305
15.5 Squaring Bucharest? 306
Notes 308
References 309
16 Urban transport in the Baltic republics 311
16.1 Introduction 311
16.2 Settlement patterns 314
16.3 Street network 322
16.4 Public transportation 325
16.5 Automobilization 331
16.6 Non-motorized transportation 335
16.7 Conclusion 337
Notes 338
References 340
PART 5 PUBLIC POLICY AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT 342
17 Urban development policies in Central and Eastern Europe during the transition period and their impact on urban form 343
17.1 Introduction 343
17.2 National urban development policies after 1989 346
17.3 Evolution and trends in urban public policies and regulations 351
References 354
18 Belgrade’s post-socialist urban evolution: Reflections by the actors in the development process 356
18.1 Introduction 356
18.2 Legislative and contextual framework 357
18.3 Perceptions by the actors in the development process 365
18.4 Concluding remarks 373
Notes 375
References 377
19 Urban development, legislation, and planning in post- socialist Zagreb 379
19.1 Introduction 379
19.2 Zagreb now and then – background on urban development 379
19.3 The planning process 385
19.4 Planning legislation in Croatia and its impact on urban planning and development 386
19.5 Actors in the urban planning and development process 389
19.6 Findings from local interviews 397
19.7 Conclusion 400
Acknowledgements 401
Notes 402
References 402
PART 6 PLANNING THE POST-SOCIALIST CITY 405
20 Urban planning and the challenges of post- socialist transformation 406
20.1 Introduction – the context of post-socialist planning 406
20.2 Planning activity in the post-socialist era 409
20.3 Evolution of the post-socialist planning process 413
20.4 Conclusions 416
Notes 417
References 417
21 The post-socialist urban restructuring of Ljubljana: Strengthening identity 419
21.1 Introduction 419
21.2 Methods for recognition of urban form and structure 423
21.3 Post-socialist restructuring of Ljubljana: examples and trends 428
21.4 Conclusion 434
Notes 435
References 436
22 Urban futures: Strategic planning in post- socialist Europe 438
22.1 Introduction 438
22.2 Spatial strategic planning in Europe: major concepts 439
22.3 Strategic planning in the context of transition: Conceptual framework 440
22.4 Plan-making: The strategic planning process 443
22.5 Plan content: Visions for urban growth management 451
22.6 Critical reflections on the strategic planning experiences 457
Acknowledgements 459
Notes 459
References 460
23 Urban and regional planning in Central and Eastern European countries – from EU requirements to innovative practices 463
23.1 Introduction 463
23.2 The role of EU structural policy in shaping planning and development 464
23.3 Theoretical considerations: EU enlargement and new epistemic communities in planning 467
23.4 Case studies: new requirements for urban and regional planning 469
23.5 Conclusions 477
Notes 478
References 479