Fundamentals of Wireless Communication Engineering g Technologies

K. Daniel Wong , Phd (Stanford), is a member of the Practice Analysis Task Force (PATF), which was organized by the IEEE Communications Society and created the initial list of topics for the WCET. After teaching at the Malaysia University of Science and Technology, he started his own training and consulting company in wireless networking and software. He often teaches a variety of highly rated and well received courses on wireless communications. In addition, he has contributed to numerous books, journal and magazine papers, and conference papers.

FOREWORD xix PREFACE xxi I PRELIMINARIES 1 Introduction 3 1.1 Notation 4 1.2 Foundations 4 1.3 Signals and Systems 12 1.4 Signaling in Communications Systems 27 II RADIO FREQUENCY, ANTENNAS, AND PROPAGATION 2 Introduction to Radio Frequency, Antennas, and Propagation 37 2.1 Mathematical Preliminaries 37 2.2 Electrostatics, Current, and Magnetostatics 41 2.3 Time-Varying Situations, Electromagnetic Waves, and Transmission Lines 46 2.4 Impedance 56 2.5 Tests and Measurements 57 3 Radio-Frequency Engineering 63 3.1 Introduction and Preliminaries 64 3.2 Noise 70 3.3 System Issues Related to Nonlinearity 80 3.4 Mixing and Related Issues 85 3.5 Oscillators and Related Issues 87 3.6 Amplifiers and Related Issues 89 3.7 Other Components 90 4 Antennas 93 4.1 Characterization 94 4.2 Examples 105 4.3 Antenna Arrays 111 4.4 Practical Issues: Connecting to Antennas, Tuning, and so on 122 5 Propagation 125 5.1 Electromagnetic Wave Propagation: Common Effects 126 5.2 Large-Scale Effects in Cellular Environments 132 5.3 Small-Scale Effects in Cellular Environments 137 5.4 Incorporating Fading Effects in the Link Budget 148 III WIRELESS ACCESS TECHNOLOGIES 6 Introduction to Wireless Access Technologies 159 6.1 Review of Digital Signal Processing 160 6.2 Digital Communications for Wireless Access Systems 169 6.3 The Cellular Concept 173 6.4 Spread Spectrum 177 6.5 OFDM 185 7 Component Technologies 193 7.1 Medium Access Control 193 7.2 Handoff 202 7.3 Power Control 208 7.4 Error Correction Codes 210 8 Examples of Air-Interface Standards: GSM, IS-95, WiFi 219 8.1 GSM 220 8.2 IS-95 CDMA 226 8.3 IEEE 802.11 WiFi 235 9 Recent Trends and Developments 249 9.1 Third-Generation CDMA-Based Systems 249 9.2 Emerging Technologies for Wireless Access 253 9.3 HSPA and HRPD 258 9.4 IEEE 802.16 WiMAX 262 9.5 LTE 270 9.6 What's Next? 273 IV NETWORK AND SERVICE ARCHITECTURES 10 Introduction to Network and Service Architectures 277 10.1 Review of Fundamental Networking Concepts 278 10.2 Architectures 285 10.3 IP Networking 290 10.4 Teletraffic Analysis 301 11 GSM and IP: Ingredients of Convergence 307 11.1 GSM 308 11.2 VoIP 315 11.3 QoS 323 12 Toward an All-IP Core Network 333 12.1 Making IP Work with Wireless 333 12.2 GPRS 341 12.3 Evolution from GSM to UMTS up to the Introduction of IMS 346 12.4 IP Multimedia Subsystem 354 12.5 Other Networks 362 13 Service Architectures, Alternative Architectures, and Looking Ahead 367 13.1 Services 367 13.2 Service Architectures 371 13.3 Mobile Ad Hoc Networks 379 13.4 Mesh, Sensor, and Vehicular Networks 384 V MISCELLANEOUS TOPICS 14 Network Management 393 14.1 Requirements and Concepts 393 14.2 Network Management Models 394 14.3 SNMP 397 15 Security 415 15.1 Basic Concepts 415 15.2 Cryptography 419 15.3 Network Security Protocols 422 15.4 Wireless Security 432 16 Facilities Infrastructure 443 16.1 Communications Towers 444 16.3 Additional Topics 462 17 Agreements, Standards, Policies, and Regulations 467 17.1 Agreements 468 17.2 Standards 469 17.3 Policies 478 17.4 Regulations 479 EXERCISE SOLUTIONS 487 APPENDIX A: SOME FORMULAS AND IDENTITIES 497 APPENDIX B: WCET GLOSSARY EQUATION INDEX 499 APPENDIX C: WCET EXAM TIPS 501 APPENDIX D: SYMBOLS 503 APPENDIX E: ACRONYMS 509 INDEX 519