Sonar for Practising Engineers

ASHLEY WAITE retired from the UK Ministry of Defence in 1990 after 40 years of Underwater Warfare Research at Portland. He then joined Thomson Marconi Sonar (now Thales Underwater Systems Limited) as a Consultant for a further 10 years. He still maintains an involvement with sonar in a freelance capacity.

Preface xiii

About the Author xv

Introduction xvii

1 Sound 1

2 Arrays 13

3 Propagation of Sound in the Sea 43

4 Target Strength 67

5 Noise in Sonar Systems 83

6 Reverberation 103

7 The Sonar Equations 119

8 Passive Sonar 125

9 Active Sonar 161

10 Echo Sounding and Side Scan Sonars 221

11 Mine Hunting Sonars 233

12 Intercepts and Communications Sonars 249

13 Active Sonar Design 261

Conclusion 277

Solutions to Problems 281

Index 293