Advanced Monitoring and Procedures for Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care

Jamie M. Burkitt Creedon, DVM, DACVECC, is Chief of the Emergency and Critical Care service at Red Bank Veterinary Hospital in Cherry Hill, New Jersey. Harold Davis, RVT, VTS (ECC), is Manager of the Small Animal Emergency and Critical Care Service at the William R. Pritchard Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital of the University of California at Davis School of Veterinary Medicine.

Contributors x Preface xvi SECTION I Introduction 3 1 Triage 5 Harold Davis 2 The small animal emergency room 11 Martin D. Miller and Sean D. Smarick 3 ICU design 24 Joris H. Robben and Julie A. Eveland-Baker SECTION II Cardiovascular 49 4 Catheterization of the venous compartment 51 Mary Tefend Campbell and Douglass K. Macintire 5 Arterial puncture and catheterization 69 Elisa M. Mazzaferro and Cindy Hauser 6 Principles of electrocardiography 82 Joao Orvalho 7 Electrocardiogram interpretation 89 Matthew S. Mellema and Casey J. Kohen 8 Fluid-fi lled hemodynamic monitoring systems 107 Jamie M. Burkitt Creedon and Marc R. Raffe 9 Direct systemic arterial blood pressure monitoring 122 Edward Cooper and Stacey Cooper 10 Noninvasive arterial blood pressure monitoring 134 Jill A. Williamson and Stephanie Leone 11 Central venous pressure monitoring 145 Rosalind S. Chow and Pamela Dilley 12 Cardiac output monitoring 159 Steve C. Haskins 13 Bedside echocardiography 177 Romain Pariaut 14 Pericardiocentesis 190 Meredith L. Daly 15 Monitoring tissue perfusion: clinicopathologic aids and advanced techniques 198 Brian C. Young 16 Cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation 217 Sean D. Smarick 17 Open-chest cardiopulmonary cerebral resuscitation 227 Janelle R. Wierenga 18 Defibrillation 235 Matthew S. Mellema, Craig Cornell, and Casey J. Kohen 19 Temporary cardiac pacing 245 Craig Cornell SECTION III Respiratory 261 20 Oxygen therapy 263 Jennifer Boyle 21 Pulse oximetry and CO-oximetry 274 Devon A. Ayres 22 Blood gas analysis 286 Sarah Gray and Lisa L. Powell 23 Tracheal intubation 293 Jeni Dohner and Rebecca S. Syring 24 Temporary tracheostomy 306 F.A. (Tony) Mann and Mary M. Flanders 25 Artificial airway management 318 Lila K. Sierra and Lesley G. King 26 Capnography 340 Linda S. Barter 27 Mechanical ventilation 349 Kate Hopper 28 Ventilator waveform analysis 357 Deborah Silverstein 29 High-frequency ventilation 374 Jessica Schavone and Elizabeth Rozanski 30 Pleural space drainage 378 Rosemary Lombardi, Emily Savino, and Lori S. Waddell SECTION IV Urinary and abdominal 393 31 Urethral catheterization 395 Janet Aldrich 32 Urinalysis in acutely and critically ill dogs and cats 409 David J. Polzin and Carl A. Osborne 33 Peritoneal dialysis 421 Diane M. Welsh and Mary Anna Labato 34 Technical management of hemodialysis patients 431 Karen Poeppel and Cathy Langston 35 Peritoneal evaluation 449 Linda Barton and Amanda Adams 36 Specialized gastrointestinal techniques 457 Lisa Smart 37 Postoperative peritoneal drainage techniques 470 Margo Mehl SECTION V Nutrition 475 38 Nutritional requirements in critical illness 477 Daniel L. Chan 39 Enteral diets for critically ill patients 485 Sally C. Perea 40 Assisted enteral feeding 496 Scott Campbell and Natalie Harvey 41 Parenteral nutrition 513 Jennifer Larsen SECTION VI Analgesia and anesthesia 523 42 Pain recognition and management 525 Chiara Valtolina and Robert Goggs 43 Systemic analgesia 540 Sarah L. Haldane and Michelle Storay 44 Local analgesia 559 Vicki L. Campbell and Amy Rodriguez 45 Monitoring the anesthetized patient 572 Benjamin M. Brainard and Julie Denton-Schmiedt 46 Nursing care of the long-term anesthetized patient 589 Yekaterina Buriko and Bridget Lyons SECTION VII Clinicopathologic techniques 599 47 Blood sample collection and handling 601 Lori Baden Atkins 48 In-house hematologic evaluation 611 Karl E. Jandrey and Carine Laporte 49 Electrolyte evaluation 637 Louisa J. Rahilly 50 Acid-base evaluation 651 Steve C. Haskins 51 Osmolality and colloid osmotic pressure 665 Elke Rudloff and Angel Rivera 52 Cytology 672 Rebecca J. Greer and Timothy Koors 53 Blood typing and cross-matching 682 Nicole M. Weinstein and Carolyn A. Sink SECTION VIII Infection control 693 54 Minimizing nosocomial infection 695 Amanda K. Boag and Katherine Jayne Howie 55 Care of indwelling device insertion sites 708 Elana Moss Benasutti 56 Antiseptics, disinfectants, and sterilization 719 Jennifer Devey and Connie M. Schmidt 57 Personnel precautions for patients with zoonotic disease 728 Megan Patterson Melcher and Christopher G. Byers SECTION IX Specific nursing considerations 743 58 Drug administration 745 Jane Quandt and Elizabeth Olmstead 59 Administration of biological products 759 Jennifer E. Prittie 60 Blood glucose monitoring and glycemic control 776 Erica L. Reineke 61 Care of the patient with intracranial disease 789 Marie K. Holowaychuk and Sara M. Ostenkamp 62 Care of the environmentally injured animal 799 Michael S. Lagutchik and Adrian Ford 63 Safe handling and care of patients exposed to radioactive and antineoplastic agents 814 Michael S. Kent and Paul Primas 64 Medical charting 820 Karl E. Jandrey and Sharon Fornes 65 Compassion fatigue: healing with a heart 836 Katherine Dobbs Index 846