Culture and Children's Intelligence (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Culture and Children’s Intelligence 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 8
Contributors 16
Foreword 20
Preface 26
Part I: Intelligence and the Wechsler Scales for Children 34
Chapter 1. The Wechsler Scales for Assessing Children’s Intelligence: Past to Present 36
Critical Events in the History of Intelligence Tests and Testing 37
Index Scores 45
Current Clinical Uses of the IQ Scores 48
A Final Word 51
References 51
Chapter 2. Cross-Cultural Psychology, Intelligence, and Cognitive Processes 56
Culture and Environment 57
Intelligence, Intelligent Behavior, and Tested Intelligence 60
Intelligence 61
Measurement of Intelligence in Different Cultures 62
Cognitive Processes Within and Across Cultures 64
Cross-Cultural Psychology and Cognitive Processes 66
References 67
Part II: Standardization Studies of the WISC-III in Different Cultures 72
Chapter 3. The WISC-III in the United States 74
Adaptation Process 74
Sample Characteristics 75
Reliability 76
Evidence of Validity 77
Cultural Issues Influencing WISC-III Interpretation in the U.S. 83
Professional Issues in the Use of Intelligence Tests in The U.S. 88
References 91
Chapter 4. Canada 94
Adaptation Process 95
Sample Characteristics 96
Reliability 97
Evidence of Validity 97
Cultural Issues Influencing WISC-III Interpretation in Canada 102
Professional Issues in the use of the WISC-III in Canada 104
References 107
Chapter 5. United Kingdom 110
Adaptation Process 111
Sample Characteristics 112
Reliability 117
Evidence of Validity 117
Cultural Issues Influencing WISC-III Interpretation in the UK 118
Professional Issues in the use of Intelligence Tests in the UK 120
References 121
Chapter 6. France and French-Speaking Belgium 122
Adaptation Process 122
Sample Characteristics 124
Reliability 125
Evidence of Validity 128
Cultural Issues Influencing WISC-III Interpretation in France and Belgium 133
Professional Issues in the Use of Intelligence Tests in France and Belgium 138
References 140
Chapter 7. The Netherlands and Flemish-Speaking Belgium 142
Adaptation Process 143
Sample characteristics 144
Reliability 145
Validity 145
Cultural Issues Influencing WISC-III Interpretations in The Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium) 148
Professional Issues in the Use of Intelligence Tests in The Netherlands and Flanders (Belgium) 150
References 152
Chapter 8. Germany 154
Adaptation Process 155
Sample Characteristics 155
Reliability 156
Evidence of Validity 159
Cultural Issues Influencing the WISC-III Interpretation in Germany 163
Professional Issues in the Use of Intelligence Tests in Germany 167
References 168
Chapter 9. Austria and Switzerland 170
Adaptation Process 171
Sample Characteristics 173
Reliability 173
Evidence of Validity 176
Cultural Issues Influencing WISC-III Interpretations in Austria and Switzerland 178
Professional Issues in the Use of Intelligence Tests in Austria and Switzerland 179
References 180
Chapter 10. Sweden 182
Adaptation Process 183
Sample Characteristics 184
Reliability 187
Evidence of Validity 187
Cultural Issues Influencing WISC-III Interpretations in Sweden 191
Professional Issues in the Use of Intelligence Tests in Sweden 193
References 195
Chapter 11. Lithuania 198
Adaptation Process 199
Sample Characteristics 200
Reliability 202
Evidence of Validity 202
Cultural Issues Influencing WISC-III Interpretation in Lithuania 208
Professional Issues in the Use of Intelligence Tests in Lithuania 211
References 211
Chapter 12. Slovenia 214
Adaptation Process 215
Sample Characteristics 216
Reliability 217
Evidence of Validity 220
Cultural Issues In.uencing WISC-III Interpretations in Slovenia 226
Professional Issues in the Use of Intelligence Tests in Slovenia 227
References 229
Chapter 13. Greece 232
Adaptation Process 233
Sample Characteristics 235
Reliability 235
Evidence of Validity 236
Cultural Issues Influencing WISC-III Interpretation in Greece 242
Professional Issues in the Use of Intelligence Tests in Greece 245
References 246
Chapter 14. Japan 248
Adaptation Process 249
Sample Characteristics 250
Reliability 250
Evidence of Validity 251
Cultural Issues Influencing the WISC-III in Japan 255
Professional Issues in the Use of Intelligence Tests in Japan 256
References 257
Chapter 15. South Korea 260
Adaptation Process 261
Sample Characteristics 262
Reliability 263
Evidence of Validity 267
Cultural Issues Influencing WISC-III Interpretations in Korea 270
Professional Issues in the Use of Intelligence Tests in Korea 272
References 273
Chapter 16. Taiwan 274
Adaptation Process 274
Sample Characteristics 276
Reliability 276
Evidence of Validity 280
Cultural Issues Influencing WISC-III Interpretations in Taiwan 282
Professional Issues in the Use of Intelligence Tests in Taiwan 283
References 284
Part III: Cross-Cultural Analysis of the WISC-III 286
Chapter 17. Principles of Adaptation of Intelligence Tests to Other Cultures 288
Types of Translations 288
Translation of the WISC-III 290
Equivalence 291
Equivalence and the WISC-III 294
References 295
Chapter 18. Methodology of Combining the WISC-III Data Sets 298
Overview of Test Adaptations per Country 299
Cross-Cultural Data Analyses 301
Conclusion 307
References 307
Chapter 19. A Cross-Cultural Analysis of the WISC-III 310
Structural Equivalence of the WISC-III Across Cultures 311
Cross-Cultural Comparisons of WISC-III Scores 322
Relationships Between Country Means and Social Indicators 332
The WISC-III in Cultural Context: A Synthesis of Findings 339
References 345
Appendix 348
Author Index 356
Subject Index 362