Personality Disorders (eBook)

Mario Maj, University of Naples, Italy Hagop S. Asiskal, University of California, San Diego, USA Juan E. Mezzich, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, USA Ahmed Okasha, Ain Shams University, Cario, Egypt

VOLUME 8 Personality Disorders 3
Contents 9
List of Review Contributors 17
Preface 19
CHAPTER 1 SCHIZOTYPAL, SCHIZOID AND PARANOID DISORDERS 23
Cluster A Personality Disorders: A Review 23
COMMENTARIES 97
1.1 Paul E. Meehl’s Model of Schizotypy and Schizophrenia 97
1.2 Whatever Happened to Healthy Schizotypy? 104
1.3 Genetic Enhancements to Schizotypy Theorizing 106
1.4 Cluster A Personality Disorders: Unanswered Questions about Epidemiological, Evolutionary and Genetic Aspects 109
1.5 Schizotypy and Schizophrenia 111
1.6 Parsing the Schizophrenia Spectrum 114
1.7 The Future of Cluster A Personality Disorders 116
1.8 Schizotypal Personality Disorder and Phenotype Specification for Genetic Studies of Schizophrenia 119
1.9 A Developmental, Behavioural Genetic Look at Schizotypal Disorder 122
1.10 The Premorbid Personality Background of Psychotic Disorders 125
1.11 Changing Boundaries at Different Levels of Validity 128
1.12 Finding the Right Level of Analysis 132
1.13 Search for a Systematic Approach to the Diagnosis of Personality Disorders 136
1.14 Schizotypal Personality Disorder—a Minor Variant of Schizophrenia? 138
1.15 Diagnosis Versus Classification in Psychiatry 139
1.16 Cluster A Personality Disorders: Conundrums and New Directions 142
1.17 Have Paranoid and Schizoid Personality Disorders Become Dispensable Diagnoses? 144
CHAPTER 2 ANTISOCIAL DISORDER 147
Antisocial Personality Disorder: A Review 147
COMMENTARIES 192
2.1 Understanding the Antisocial Personality Disorder and Psychopathy Professional Literature 192
2.2 Developmental Perspectives on Self-Awareness in Antisocial Personality Disorder 194
2.3 The Complexity of Antisocial Behaviour 198
2.4 Assessing Research on Antisocial Personality 200
2.5 Antisocial or Social Adaptation 202
2.6 Antisocial Personality Disorder—The Forgotten Patients of Psychiatry 206
2.7 A New Conceptualization of Antisocial Personality Disorder 209
2.8 Cloninger’s Theory of Antisocial Personality Disorder 212
2.9 An Uphill Battle Being Won 214
2.10 Public Health Approaches to Antisocial Personality Disorder 217
2.11 Antisocial Personality Disorder in its Cultural Context 220
CHAPTER 3 BORDERLINE AND HISTRIONIC DISORDERS 223
Borderline and Histrionic Personality Disorders: A Review 223
COMMENTARIES 254
3.1 From Shifting Diagnoses to Empirically-based Diagnostic Constructs 254
3.2 What is a Personality Disorder, a Set of Traits or Symptoms? 257
3.3 Mentalization and Borderline Personality Disorder 260
3.4 Complex and Diverse, Yet Similar? 265
3.5 The Need for New Paradigms in the Research Approaches to Borderline Personality Disorder 267
3.6 Borderline Personality Disorder: From Clinical Heterogeneity to Diagnostic Coherence 270
3.7 Borderline Personality Disorder: Problems of Definition and Complex Aetiology 272
3.8 Some Problems in the Current Conceptualization of Borderline and Histrionic Personality Disorders 275
3.9 Borderline (and Histrionic) Personality Disorders: Boundaries, Epidemiology, Genetics and Treatment 277
3.10 Categorical Conundrums 280
3.11 Are Cyclothymic Temperament and Borderline and Histrionic Personality Related Concepts? 282
3.12 Borderline and Histrionic Personality Disorders: Implications for Health Services 285
3.13 Psychotherapy for Borderline Personality Disorder: Some Tentative Interpretations of the Available Empirical Findings 288
3.14 How to Cope with the Burden of Trying to Help a Borderline Patient? 291
3.15 Borderline Personality Disorder: A Complex Disorder, but not just Complex Post-traumatic Stress Disorder 292
3.16 Borderline Personality Disorder between Axis I and Axis II Diagnosis 295
3.17 Histrionic and Borderline Personality Disorders: A View from Latin America 297
CHAPTER 4 NARCISSISTIC DISORDER 299
Narcissistic Personality Disorder: A Review 299
COMMENTARIES 350
4.1 Personality Pathology as Pathological Narcissism 350
4.2 Narcissism within Psychiatry: Past and Future Perspectives 354
4.3 Some Psychodynamics of Narcissistic Pathology 356
4.4 Complexity of Narcissism and a Continuum of Self-Esteem Regulation 358
4.5 Narcissism: Psychodynamic Theme and Personality Disorder 361
4.6 Of Narcissism, Narcissistic Personality Disorder and Normal Personality 363
4.7 Narcissistic Personality Disorder: The Cassel Hospital Experience 365
4.8 Narcissistic Personalities: Pathobiographies and Research Findings from Latin America 368
CHAPTER 5 THE ANXIOUS CLUSTER 371
The Anxious Cluster of Personality Disorders: A Review 371
COMMENTARIES 398
5.1 Theory, Contexts, Prototypes and Subtypes 398
5.2 Anxious Cluster Personality Disorders: Perspectives from the Collaborative Longitudinal Personality Disorders Study 400
5.3 Personality in Anxiety Disorders 403
5.4 "Minima Moralia" on Cluster C Personality Disorders 406
5.5 Anxious Cluster Personality Disorders and Axis I Anxiety Disorders: Comments on the Comorbidity Issue 408
5.6 Cluster C Personality Disorders: Utility and Stability 411
5.7 Anxiety, Avoidance and Personality—A Dynamic Borderland 413
5.8 A Theoretical Model of Cluster C Personality Disorders 415
5.9 Anxious Cluster Personality Disorders: The Need for Further Empirical Data 418
5.10 Quest for a Clinically Useful Diagnosis 420
5.11 The "Anxious Cluster": A Descriptive Disguise for Diversity in Personality Classification 422
5.12 Beyond The Anxious Traits 424
CHAPTER 6 OBSESSIVE–COMPULSIVE PERSONALITY DISORDER 427
Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder: A Review 427
COMMENTARIES 462
6.1 Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder: Elusive for Whom? 462
6.2 Clinical Challenges of Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder 465
6.3 Obsessive–Compulsive Character 469
6.4 Understanding and Measuring Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder: The Jury is Still Out 471
6.5 Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder: Not Just a Mere Problem in Living 474
6.6 Psychiatry Trapped in Obsessive–Compulsive Overdiagnosing? 476
6.7 Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder: Personality or Disorder? 479
6.8 Cognitive Therapy for the Perfectionism Dimension? 482
6.9 Anankastic and Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder in ICD-10 and DSM-IV-TR 484
6.10 Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder: A Discrete Disorder? 486
6.11 Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder or Negative Perfectionism? 488
6.12 Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder: Response to Pharmacological Treatment 490
6.13 Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder: Relationship to Childhood Onset OCD and Diagnostic Stability 493
6.14 Figure and Background: Challenges in Trying to Understand Axis I and Axis II Interactions 495
6.15 Obsessive–Compulsive Personality Disorder: The African Dilemmas 497
EPILOGUE The Renaissance of the Ancient Concept of Temperament (with a Focus on Affective Temperaments) 501
Index 523

"This well-ordered text by a world-wide collection of experts
provides an authoritative exploration of these common and
misunderstood conditions." (Electric Review,
November/December 2005)

"...clearly well researched and reasonably organized..."
(Doody's Health Services)