Hallucinogens (eBook)

Front Cover 1
The Hallucinogens 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Preface 6
Chapter 1. 
12 
Introduction 12
Mescaline Analogs 56
Amphetamines 57
Methylenedioxyamphetamines 58
Asarone 66
Kava Kava 68
Safrole 73
Sympathomimetic Amines 74
REFERENCES 86
Chapter II A. d-Lysergic Acid Diethylamide 94
Introduction 94
Sources of LSD 94
Chemistry of LSD 99
Pharmacology 100
Biochemistry of LSD 101
Neurophysiological Effects 102
Comparison of Some Ergot Alkaloids for Psychotomimetic Activity 104
Toxicology of LSD 106
Complications When LSD Is Given 107
Dose and Psychological Activity 114
Effect of LSD on Normal Subjects 115
Psychotomimetic Reaction to LSD 139
The Psychedelic Experience 142
Effect of LSD on Schizophrenic Patients 150
Use of LSD in Psychotherapy 159
Rapid Personality Change and LSD 207
Criticisms of LSD Therapy and Rebuttal 208
Modifiers of the LSD Experience 216
How Does LSD Work 222
Some Consequences of LSD's Introduction to Psychiatry 243
Chapter II B. Ololiuqui: The Ancient Aztec Narcotic 248
History and Identification 248
Taxonomy of Convolvulaceae Containing Ergot Alkaloids 250
Chemistry 251
Psychological Properties 252
REFERENCES 263
Chapter III. Adrenochrome and Some of Its Derivatives 278
Introduction 278
Chemistry 280
Chemical Properties 282
Biochemical Properties 283
Formation and Metabolism of Adrenochrome 333
Psychological Properties of Adrenochrome 354
Adrenolutin 377
Prolonged Reactions to Adrenochrome and Adrenolutin 408
Anxiety and Adrenochrome 426
Anxiety and Adrenolutin 427
5,6-Dihydroxy-N-methylindole 430
Adrenochrome Monosemicarbazone 443
REFERENCES 444
Chapter IV. Indole Hallucinogens Derived from Tryptophan 454
Introduction 454
Tryptophan 455
Tryptamine 459
Cohoba, the Narcotic Snuff of Ancient Haiti 461
Dimethyl- and Diethyltryptamines 469
Effect of Bufotenine, Dimethyltryptamine (DMT), and Diethyltryptamine (DET) on Animal Behavior 472
Cross-Tolerance of DMT 475
a-Methyltryptamine 476
a-Ethyltryptamine 477
Methyl-2-methyltryptamine 479
Iboga Alkaloids 479
Harmine 483
Psilocybin 491
Yohimbine 511
How Tryptamine Hallucinogens Act 513
Serotonin 514
Drugs and Central Serotonin or Noradrenaline 517
REFERENCES 522
Chapter V. Hallucinogens Related to Parasympathetic Biochemistry 528
Introduction 528
Factors Which Produce Synaptic Depression 530
Factors Which Produce Excitation 530
Acetylcholine 533
Acetylcholinesterase 534
Anticholinesterases as Hallucinogens 535
Cholinergic-Blocking Hallucinogens 536
Benactyzine 539
Cholineacetylase Inhibitors as Antihallucinogens 549
Anesthetic Hallucinogens 549
REFERENCES 555
Chapter VI. Taraxein 558
Introduction 558
Biochemistry of Taraxein 558
Psychological Properties 562
How Does Taraxein Work 564
REFERENCES 564
Chapter VII. Animal Studies of Hallucinogenic Drugs 566
Introduction 566
Studies in Invertebrates 567
Lower Vertebrates 569
Higher Vertebrates 574
General Effect of Hallucinogenic Drugs Introduced Intrasystemically 574
Intracerebral Effect of Hallucinogenic Drugs 582
Behavioral Correlates of Electrophysiological Effects of Hallucinogens 586
Effects of Hallucinogenic Drugs on Learning and Other Higher Cognitive Functions 589
Summary and Conclusions 600
REFERENCES 601
Author Index 606
Subject Index 624