Optoelectronics and Fiber Optic Technology (eBook)

Cover 1
Optoelectronic and Fiber Optic Technology 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Foreword 14
Preface 16
Acknowledgements 18
Chapter 1. The history of fiber optics 20
1.1 Background 20
1.2 Basic principles of optical line transmission 38
1.3 Advantages of optical fibers and optoelectronic signalling 42
1.4 Disadvantages of optical fibers and optoelectronic signalling 47
1.5 Practical applications of optoelectronics 50
1.6 The future of optoelectronics 52
Chapter 2. Theory 55
2.1 Reflection and refraction 57
2.2 Refractive index 58
2.3 Total internal reflection 59
2.4 Angle of incidence 64
2.5 Critical angle 65
2.6 Acceptance cone 66
2.7 Acceptance angle 67
2.8 Numerical aperture 68
2.9 Structure of a fiber 68
2.10 Modes 70
2.11 Losses 72
2.12 Optical power and power density 76
2.13 Optical fiber input power 76
2.14 Dispersion losses 77
2.15 Optical transitions in semiconductors 80
2.16 Usable bandwidth of optoelectronic transmission systems 81
2.17 Modulation and demodulation of the subcarrier 84
2.18 Signal-to-noise ratio 87
2.19 Types of mixers 89
2.20 Types of multiplexing 90
Chapter 3. Fibers and cables 95
3.1 Single-mode fiber 96
3.2 Multimode fiber 98
3.3 Manufacturing processes and designs of optical waveguides 101
3.4 Manufacturing techniques 104
3.5 Plastic fiber optic cables 110
3.6 Cable characteristics and specifications 111
3.7 Types of cable 114
3.8 Fiber optic cable ducts 116
3.9 Cable construction 117
3.10 Types of ducted cable 118
3.11 Installation possibilities 123
Chapter 4. Transmitters - light emitting diodes and lasers 125
4.1 Light source 125
4.2 Conversion of electrical energy into light waves 125
4.3 Light emitting diodes 126
4.4 Types of LED 130
4.5 Laser diodes 135
4.6 Basic differences between gain-guided (current-induced) and index-guided (built-in waveguide) laser diodes 143
Chapter 5. Receivers - photodiodes 151
5.1 Conversion of light waves into electrical energy 151
5.2 Design characteristics of an optical receiver 153
5.3 Types of receiver 156
5.4 Fiber amplifiers 157
Chapter 6. Connectors and couplers 161
6.1 Connectors 161
6.2 Couplers 171
6.3 Fiber jointing techniques 184
6.4 Splicing 188
Chapter 7. Communication systems 202
7.1 Local networks 206
7.2 Long-distance networks 206
7.3 Telephone networks 206
7.4 Data networks 207
7.5 Designing an optical fiber cable system 210
7.6 Optical path loss budget 220
7.7 Installation techniques 223
Chapter 8. Optoelectronic test techniques 235
8.1 Testing fiber optics 235
8.2 Examples of test equipment 238
Chapter 9. Future developments 252
9.1 The global market 252
9.2 UK market 254
9.3 Development trends 255
9.4 Lasers and amplifiers 258
9.5 Fiber cables 262
9.6 Moveable fibers 265
9.7 Transmission systems 265
9.8 Industry 269
9.9 Military 272
9.10 Local government 275
9.11 Medicine 277
9.12 Other possibilities 278
9.13 Conclusion 280
Appendix A: Optoelectronic and fiber optic standards 282
Appendix B: Fiber optic chronology 295
Glossary 297
Acronyms and abbreviations 315
Books by the same author 319
Useful links 320
Index 324