World Renewable Energy Congress VI (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Renewable Energy 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 34
PART IV 44
SOLAR THERMAL APPLICATIONS/POSTER PAPERS 44
Chapter 1. Application of Solar Energy to Obtain Hydrogen and Hydrogen Containng Gases 45
Chapter 2. Requirements for successful Solar Cooker Program 49
Chapter 3. Application of Proportional-Sum-Derivative Control Methodology for Energy Efficiency Enhancement of Building Energy Systems 52
Chapter 4. A Numerical Model and Experimental Study of Natural Solar Drying of Cassava in Abidjan ( Cote D'Ivoire) 56
Chapter 5. Dissemination of GHE Solar Dryer in Indonesia 60
Chapter 6. Performance Prediction of A Solar Water Heater Using Artificial Neural Networks 64
Chapter 7. Preservation of Fruits and Vegetables Using Solar Dryers. Comparative Study for Solar and Natural Drying of Grapes, Figs, Tomatoes and Onions. Temperature Measurement, Calculating the Generated Energy and Dryer Efficiency During Drying 68
Chapter 8. A Comparison of Two Developed Designs of Tilted Tray Solar Still 71
Chapter 9. A Controlled Laboratory Test on Pyramid Shaped Tilted Tray Solar Still 75
Chapter 10. Solar Energy Distribution Model for Greenhouses 79
Chapter 11. Simulation of the Multipass Airflows in Solar Air Heater 83
Chapter 12. Estimation of Convective Mass Transfer in Active Single Slope Solar Still 87
Chapter 13. Development of a Rice Hull Cyclonic Furnace for Drying Applications 91
Chapter 14. The Application of Solar Tunnel Dryer in Indonesia 95
Chapter 15. Introducing Solar Drying in A Developing Country: The Case of Cambodia 99
Chapter 16. Theoratical Investigation of the Water-Lithium Bromide Vapour Absorption Cooler 103
Chapter 17. Development of the Solar Crop Dryers in Tunisia 107
Chapter 18. Solar Refrigeration for Developing Countries Using A Solid-Absorption Cycle 113
Chapter 19. Effect of Fluid Prandtl Number on Natural Convection in Cylindrical Enclosure 117
Chapter 20. Design and Construction of a Solar Thermal Miniplant 121
Chapter 21. Cost Estimates Air-Cooled and Water Cooled Air-Conditioning Systems 125
Chapter 22. Solar Powered Air Conditioning System for A Hospital in Manzanillo 129
Chapter 23. Spot Coolers as An Alternative to Conventional Cooling 133
Chapter 24. Application of Solar Drying Systems in Rural Nepal 138
Chapter 25. The Performance of the Capillary Film Solar Still Installed in South Algeria 142
Chapter 26. Solar Cooking-An Appropriate Technology for Developing Countries 146
Chapter 27. The Effect of Walls Conductivity on the Convective Structure in a three Heated Walls Vessel 150
Chapter 28. Dynamic Modelization of a Cascades Solar Distiller Greenhouse 156
Chapter 29. Solar Energy Utilization in Agriculture in Nigeria 162
Chapter 30. Solar Installations for Hot-Water Supply in Turkmenistan 167
Chapter 31. Performance Simulation Model of Natural Convection Type Solar Tunnel Dryer 170
Chapter 32. Performance Prediction of A Non-airconditioned Passive Solar House for Cold Climate of Srinagar in India 174
Chapter 33. Determination of Thermophysical Parameters by Thermal Trasient Phenomena 178
Chapter 34. Numerical Modelisation of the Thermal Field in a Slab in Concrete Destined to the Production of Sanitary Hot Sanitary Water 183
Chapter 35. Roof Window - Solar Collector 188
Chapter 36. Use of the Liquid-gas Solution for Autonomous Heat Transfer Downwards 192
WIND ENERGY GENERATION/POSTER PAPERS 196
Chapter 37. Wind Pumps in Sudan 198
Chapter 38. Theoratical Demonstration of Diffuser Augmented Wind Turbine Performance 203
Chapter 39. A Theoratical Study of Wind Power Potential in Cote D'Ivoire Using The Weibull Distribution 207
Chapter 40. Double-Multiple Streamtube Model for Variable-Geometry Oval-Trajectory Darrieus Wind-Turbines 211
Chapter 41. Gyroscopic Effect of Small Scale Tilt Up Horizontal Axis Wind Turbine 215
Chapter 42. Vertical Axis Wind Mills in Patagonia, Argentina 219
Chapter 43. Wind Energy Potential of the Tras-os-Montes Region, Northeast of Portugal 223
Chapter 44. Estimating the Starting Point for Substantial Wind Energy Penetration in the Greek Market 227
Chapter 45. Refined Wind Energy Calculation Formulation 231
Chapter 46. A Study of Small Wind Turbine Generation System for Extreme Weather Conditions 235
Chapter 47. Research and Development of Straight Wing Non-Articulated Vertical Axis Wind Turbine 239
Chapter 48. Performance Evaluation through Visualization of an Inside Stream of Savonius Type and Cross-flow Type Windmills 243
Chapter 49. HTSC Technology for Wind Energy Systems: The Levitating Turbine 247
Chapter 50. Optimum Method of Operating Wind Turbine-Generator Systems Matching the Wind Condition and Wind Turbine Type 251
Chapter 51. Wind Energy Resource in Algeria 255
Chapter 52. Regional Energy Planning Approach to Wind Energy Developments in Croatia - Example of County of Split-dalmatia 259
Chapter 53. Wind Energy Research and Development in Jordan 263
Chapter 54. Small Wind Energy Systems for Battery Charging 267
BIOMASS CONVERSION/POSTER PAPERS 274
Chapter 55. The Need for the Protection and Exploitation of Oilseed Plants in Nigeria 275
Chapter 56. Rubber As A Source of Renewable Energy 278
Chapter 57. Pyrolysis/Gasification of Hemp to Produce Activated Carbon 282
Chapter 58. Biomass Conversion Technology in Taiwan 286
Chapter 59. Improvement of Anaerobic Processes of Mixtures with Elevated Contents of Lignin and and Extracts 290
Chapter 60. Electricity from Biomass for Rural India - techno-economic Analysis 294
Chapter 61. Instantaneous Estimates of Global, Diffuse and Reflected Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR) inside a Polyethylene Greenhouse 299
Chapter 62. Effect of Steam Demand on the Operation of a Biomass-Fired Cogeneration Power Plant 303
Chapter 63. Briquetting of Biomass in Bangladesh 307
Chapter 64. Application and Economy of Biomass Stirling Engines in Austria 311
Chapter 65. Predictions of Combustion Rates of Blended Palm Oil Droplets by Forced Convection Theory 315
Chapter 66. Physico-chemical and Energetic Process of Sewage Sludge Fermentation of Tunisian Station and its Rehabilitation 319
Chapter 67. Carbonisation of Seven Wood Forest Species with A Traditional and Metallic Stocks 323
Chapter 68. Energetic Potential of Tunisian Agro-industrial Residues by Anaerobic Fermentation 327
Chapter 69. Evaluation, Prospects, and Environmental Effects of Bioenergy Resources from Olive-Oil Industry by-Products in Tunisia 331
Chapter 70. Optimizing Used Recycled Pulp in the Paper Production 335
Chapter 71. Situation Analysis on Effect of Coal Mining in the Mitigation of Deforestation in Malawi 339
Chapter 72. Potential for Electricity Generation from Biowastes - A Case Study for Malawi 342
Chapter 73. Biogas Technology and Integrated Development (Experiences from Sri Lanka) 346
RELATED TOPICS/POSTER PAPERS 352
Chapter 74. Comparison of Different Assessment Methods of Global Solar Irradiations Using Satellitary Data 353
Chapter 75. Methodological Guides for Renewable Energy System Evaluation 357
Chapter 76. Integrating Renewable Energy Studies in Under-Graduate Curriculum: The IET/ISAT Experience 361
Chapter 77. The Analysis of Photoelectron Movement in Making Hydrogen System using Solar Energy 365
Chapter 78. Non-Conventional Energy System and Environmental Pollution Control 368
Chapter 79. A New Method for Local Energy Planning in Developing Countries 372
Chapter 80. Relations between Monthly Average Hourly Solar Radiation, Hourly Bright Sunshine and Air Mass for Mugla-Turkey 376
Chapter 81. The Millennium Energy Debate 380
Chapter 82. An Inter-Comparison of the Radiation Intensities Measured at three Sites in the Southern Region of Israel by Regression Analysis 384
Chapter 83. Models to Estimate Daily Diffuse Irradiation inside Polyethylene. Greenhouses Lined East-West and North-South 388
Chapter 84. Evaluation of Models to Estimate Average Hourly Direct from Hourly Global Solar Radiation 392
Chapter 85. Determination of Silica (As Quinoline Molybdosilicate) from Six Different Rivers in Nigeria for Solar Cell Production 396
Chapter 86. On the Local Anthropogenic Effects on the Solar Radiation Regime in Uzbekistan 400
Chapter 87. Economics of Energy Transportation in Egypt. Part II. Natural Gas 404
Chapter 88. Cooling Towers and Electricity Production 407
Chapter 89. Operation and Maintance Cost of Air-Conditioning Systems 411
Chapter 90. Hydrogen Use in Vehicles 415
Chapter 91. Labour Market Prospects of Resource-Conserving Energy Technologies 420
Chapter 92. Scenarios for the Utilization of Hydrogen as an Energy Carrier in the Future Energy System in Denmark 424
Chapter 93. Solar Energy Education at University of Brunei Darussalam 428
Chapter 94. The Optimised Use of Renewable Energies in Decentralised Rural Electrification: EDF's Approach 432
Chapter 95. Retrofitting Design Using Step-by-Step Energy Relaxation: A Complete Analysis of Heat Exchanger Network of a Hydrocracking Process Using the Pinch Design Method and Step-by-Step Energy Relaxation 436
Chapter 96. Measurements and Models to Evaluate Solar Diffuse Solar Irradiation over Tilted Surfaces in Spain 441
Chapter 97. Estimation of Solar Irradiance Using WEFAX and High Resolution Meteosat Images 446
Chapter 98. Fourier Analysis of Monthly Sunshine Duration for Algeria 450
Chapter 99. Research Activities in Renewable Energy in European Countries, 1992-1998: A Scientometric Analysis 454
Chapter 100. Opportunities for Fuel Cell-based Renewable Energy Supply in Decentralised Applications 458
Chapter 101. Contributions on Energy Efficiency Regulations in Brazil - A Comparative Study 462
Chapter 102. First Step of Privatization in Energy Sector of Russia - Giant Resources and Small Results - Why? 466
Chapter 103. The Ecological State and Alternative Energy 470
Chapter 104. Potential Assessment of Renewable Energy Technologies in CO2 Emission Mitigation in Domestic Sector of India 474
Chapter 105. Cost-Benefits Analysis Approach for Energy Conservation in Buildings 478
Chapter 106. Harmonic Analysis of Solar Radiation Data for Sebele, Botswana 482
Chapter 107. Renewable Energy Mathematical Model for China 486
Chapter 108. Air Pollution and Its Ramifications for BIPV Applications: A Spectral Analysis of Hong Kong's Solar Radiation 1999 490
Chapter 109. New Institutional Model for Rural Village Power - Franchised Independent Power Producers 494
Chapter 110. The Greenhouse Gases Generation in Tunisia: Analysis and Abatement 498
Chapter 111. Effects of the Climatic Phenomenon E! Nino on Solar Radiation at Central South Western South America 502
Chapter 112. Assessing The Quality of Renewable Energy Projects Using Fuzzy Logic 506
Chapter 113. Renewable Energy Sources for Electricity Generation in the State of Rio Grande Do Sul (Brazil) 510
Chapter 114. Potential Electricity Savings by Implementing Energy Efficiency Standards for Household Electrical Appliances in Malaysia 513
Chapter 115. Natural Nuclear Fusion Achieved by Means of the New Constructive Concept on Opening of the Concave Pentagonal Mirror 517
Chapter 116. Correlations Between The Atmospheric Optical Depth and The Daily Variation of Surface Pressure on Mars 521
Chapter 117. Modelling Insolation Using High Order Cumulants (HOC) at Marrakesh 525
Chapter 118. On Applicability of Darrieus-type Cross Flow Water Turbine for Abandoned Hydro and Tidal Powers 529
Chapter 119. Improvements of Dyeing processes by Heat Recovery 533
LATE PAPERS 538
Chapter 120. Status of Crystalline Photovoltaic Technology 539
Chapter 121. Monolithic Electrochromic Devices: Tantalum Oxide Thin Film Ionic Conductors 545
Chapter 122. Finanacing Biomass Projects and Minimisation of Supply Risks 551
Chapter 123. Most Advanced European Housing: Environmental Issues and Attractive Low Energy Architecture from Theory to Practice 556
Chapter 124. Photovoltaic Integrated Electrochromic Device for Smart-Window Applications 561
Chapter 125. Recent Developments in High Efficiency PV-Cells 567
Chapter 126. Tidal Stream Renewable Offshore Power Generation (TS-ROPG) 573
Chapter 127. The Analysis and Prediction of the Infrared Transmittance of Tedlar Films 577
Chapter 128. Low Energy Housing at Universiti Putra Malaysia 581
Chapter 129. Photovoltaics R& D: A Tour Through the 21st Century
Chapter 130. The Role of Insurance in Renewable Energy Projects 594
Chapter 131. Projects for a Sustainable City - Environmental and Energetic Retrofit of"Area Savonarola" in Padova" A Case Study 599
Chapter 132. The Thermal Losses of a Solar Accumulator Collector 603
Chapter 133. Opportunities for Renewable Energy in Rural Communities of New Zealand 607
Chapter 134. The Establishment of a Centre for Renewable Energy Education and Demonstration (CREED) 613
Chapter 135. WinSel: A General Window Selection- and Energy Rating Tool 617
Author Index 626