PIC Microcontroller: Your Personal Introductory Course (eBook)

Cover 1
Title page 4
Copyright page 5
Table of contents 6
Acknowledgements 10
Preface to the third edition 12
1 Introduction 14
Some tips before starting 15
Binary, decimal and hexadecimal 15
An 8-bit system 18
Initial steps 18
Choosing your PIC microcontroller 19
Writing 23
Assembling 23
The file registers 23
A program template 26
2 Exploring the PIC5x series 33
Your first program 33
Configuration bits 35
Testing the program 36
Simulating 36
Emulating 36
Blowing the PIC microcontroller 37
Hardware 37
Using the testing instructions 42
Timing 45
Seven-segment displays 57
The program counter 59
Subroutines and the stack 61
Logic gates 78
The watchdog timer 82
Final instructions 86
The STATUS file register 87
The carry and digit carry flags 88
Pages 89
What caused the reset? 92
Indirect addressing 93
Some useful (but not vital) tricks 95
Final PIC5x program – 'Bike buddy' 98
3 The PIC12F50x series (8-pin PIC microcontrollers) 103
Differences from the PIC16F54 103
The STATUS register 103
The OSCCAL register 104
Inputs and outputs 105
The OPTION register 105
The TRIS register 106
The general purpose file registers 106
The MCLR 106
Configuration bits 106
Example project: 'PIC dice' 107
Random digression 108
4 Intermediate operations using the PIC12F675 113
The inner differences 114
The OPTION and WPU registers 115
The TRISIO register 116
Calibrating the internal oscillator 116
PCLATH: Higher bits of the program counter 117
Remaining differences 118
Interrupts 118
INTCON 119
The interrupt service routine 120
Interrupts during sleep 122
Maintaining the STATUS quo 122
New program template 123
Example project: 'Quiz game controller' 125
EEPROM 129
EECON1 129
Reading from the EEPROM 129
Writing to the EEPROM 130
Example project: 'Telephone card chip' 131
Further EEPROM examples: Music maker 135
Power monitor 135
Analogue to digital conversion 135
ADCON0 136
ANSEL: Analogue select register 137
A/D conversion interrupt 138
Example project: 'Bath monitor' 138
Comparator module 142
Voltage reference 143
Comparator interrupts 143
Comparator example: 'Sun follower' 144
Comparator example: Reading many buttons from one pin 145
Final project: Intelligent garden lights 147
5 Advanced operations and the future 151
Extra timers: TMR1 & ƒ
Capture/Compare/PWM 152
USART: Serial communication 153
Programming tips 155
6 A PIC development environment 156
7 Sample programs 158
Program A: LedOn – Turns an LED on 158
Program B: PushButton (1.0) – If a push button is pressed, turns on an LED 159
Program C: PushButton (2.0) – Shorter version of PushButton 1.0 160
Program D: Timing – LED states toggled every second, and buzzer on every five seconds 161
Program E: Traffic – Pedestrian traffic lights junction is simulated 163
Program F: Counter (1.0) – Counts signals from a push button, resets after 16 165
Program G: Counter (2.0) – Stop reading button twice (otherwise, as Counter 1.0) 167
Program H: Counter (3.0) – Solves button bounce (otherwise, as Counter 2.0) 169
Program I: StopClock – A stop clock displaying tenths of seconds to minutes 171
Program J: LogicGates – Acts as the eight different gates 175
Program K: Alarm – An alarm system which can be set or disabled 177
Program L: BikeBuddy – A speedometer and mileometer for bikes 178
Program M: PIC Dice – A pair of dice are simulated 184
Program N: Quiz – Indicates which of three push buttons has been pressed first 188
Program O: Phonecard – To act like a phonecard which decrements a file register 190
Program P: TempSense – Displays whether temperature is too hot, too cold or OK 194
Program Q 196
Appendix A: Specifications of some Flash PIC microcontrollers 202
Appendix B: Pin layouts of some Flash PIC microcontrollers 204
Appendix C: Instructions glossary 205
Appendix D: Number system conversion 208
Appendix E: Bit assignments of various file registers 209
Appendix F: If all else fails, read this 216
Appendix G: Contacts and further reading 217
Appendix H: PICKit’ 1 & BFMP Info
Appendix I: Answers to the exercises 220
Appendix J: Some BASIC commands in assembly 235
Index 236