Multimedia over IP and Wireless Networks (eBook)

Front cover 1
Multimedia Over IP and Wireless Networks 4
Copyright page 5
Table of Contents 6
About the Editors 8
About the Authors 10
Part A: Overview 22
Chapter 1. Multimedia Networking and Communication: Principles and Challenges 24
1.1 Dimensions of Multimedia Communication 25
1.2 Organization of the Book 29
1.3 Suggested Use for Graduate Instruction and Self-Study 30
1.4 Supplementary Material for the Book 31
Acknowledgments 31
Part B: Compression 32
Chapter 2. Error-Resilient Coding and Decoding Strategies for Video Communication 34
2.1 Introduction 34
2.2 Video Communication Systems 35
2.3 Error-Resilient Video Transmission 39
2.4 Resynchronization and Error Concealment 50
2.5 Error Mitigation 62
2.6 Summary and Further Reading 74
References 75
Chapter 3. Error-Resilient Coding and Error Concealment Strategies for Audio Communication 80
3.1 Introduction 80
3.2 Loss Concealment for Waveform Speech Codecs 81
3.3 Loss Concealment for CELP Speech Codecs 84
3.4 Loss Concealment for Lapped Transform Codecs 86
3.5 Forward Error Correction Techniques for Speech 93
3.6 Other Error-Resilient Coding Techniques 99
3.7 Summary and Further Reading 100
References 101
Chapter 4. Mechanisms for Adapting Compressed Multimedia to Varying Bandwidth Conditions 102
4.1 Introduction 102
4.2 Impact of Available Bandwidth on Quality 105
4.3 Overview of Bandwidth Adaptation Architectures 108
4.4 Coding Techniques for Bandwidth Adaptation 119
4.5 Summary and Further Reading 131
References 132
Chapter 5. Scalable Video Coding for Adaptive Streaming Applications 138
5.1 Introduction 138
5.2 Scalability Modes in Current Video Coding Standards 139
5.3 MPEG-4 Fine Grain Scalable (FGS) Coding 148
5.4 Motion-Compensated Wavelet Video Codecs 156
5.5 MPEG-4 AVC/H.264 Scalable Extension 173
5.6 Spatiotemporal-SNR Trade-Offs for Improved Visual Performance 174
5.7 Summary and Further Reading 174
Bibliography 176
Chapter 6. Scalable Audio Coding 180
6.1 Introduction 180
6.2 Scalable Audio Coding Framework 182
6.3 Channel Mixer: Scale by Number of Audio Channels 183
6.4 Audio Transform 184
6.5 Quantization and Section Split 186
6.6 Embedded Subbit Plane Entropy Coding 187
6.7 Bit Stream Assembler 202
6.8 Summary and Further Reading 203
References 204
Part C: IP Networking 206
Chapter 7. Channel Protection Fundamentals 208
7.1 Introduction 208
7.2 Shannon's Source and Channel Theorems 209
7.3 Channel coding and error control 217
7.4 Hierarchical Modulation 238
7.5 Automatic Repeat Request, Hybrid FEC/ARQ 243
7.6 Summary and Further Reading 246
References 247
Chapter 8. Channel Modeling and Analysis for the Internet 250
8.1 Introduction 250
8.2 Basic Information Theory Concepts 251
8.3 Packet Losses over Channels with Memory 257
8.4 Wide-Scale Internet Streaming Study 263
8.5 Summary and Further Reading 288
Bibliography 289
Chapter 9. Forward Error Control for Packet Loss and Corruption 292
9.1 Introduction 292
9.2 Priority Encoding Transmission 293
9.3 CRC+RCPC: Within-Packet Coding 300
9.4 Error Protection for Wireless Networks 305
9.5 Summary and Further Reading 310
References 310
Chapter 10. Network-Adaptive Media Transport 314
10.1 Introduction 314
10.2 Rate-Distortion Optimized Streaming 315
10.3 Rich Acknowledgments 321
10.4 Multiple Deadlines 324
10.5 Dependent Packet Delays 326
10.6 Congestion-Distortion Optimized Scheduling 328
10.7 Summary and Further Reading 329
References 331
Part D: Wireless Networking 332
Chapter 11. Performance Modeling and Analysis over Medium Access Control Layer Wireless Channels 334
11.1 Introduction 334
11.2 Markov Chains for Wireless Channel Modeling 335
11.3 Practical Issues 337
11.4 Modeling 802.11b Bit Error Processes 340
11.5 Reducing the Complexity of Markov Chains 345
11.6 Summary and Further Reading 356
References 356
Chapter 12. Cross-Layer Wireless Multimedia 358
12.1 Introduction 358
12.2 Short Summary of 802.11 Wireless LAN Standard 362
12.3 Example of Cross-Layer Impact 367
12.4 Cross-Layer Design 372
12.5 Cross-Layer MAC-Application-Layer Optimization 376
12.6 Cross-Layer MAC-Application Layer 382
12.7 Efficient Resource Reservation Mechanisms 391
12.8 Simplifying the Real-Time Cross-Layer Optimization 407
12.9 Dynamic and Fair Multiuser Wireless Transmission 414
12.10 Summary and Further Reading 422
Acknowledgments 423
References 424
Chapter 13. Quality of Service Support in Multimedia Wireless Environments 430
13.1 Introduction 430
13.2 Application Modeling 432
13.3 QoS Support in Mobile Operating Systems 434
13.4 QoS Support in Mobile Wireless Networks 443
13.5 Design Principles Learned 466
13.6 Summary and Further Reading 468
References 468
Part E: Systems 472
Chapter 14. Streaming Media on Demand and Live Broadcast 474
14.1 Introduction 474
14.2 Architectures, Protocols, and File Formats 475
14.3 Fundamental Abstractions 485
14.4 Streaming Media over Packet Networks 497
14.5 Live Broadcast 510
14.6 Summary and Further Reading 517
Acknowledgments 517
Appendix: Rate Estimation 517
References 519
Chapter 15. Real-Time Communication: Internet Protocol Voice and Video Telephony and Teleconferencing 524
15.1 Introduction 524
15.2 Architecture and Fundamentals 525
15.3 Quality of Service 537
15.4 Summary and Further Reading 542
References 543
Chapter 16. Adaptive Media Playout 548
16.1 Introduction 548
16.2 Sender and Receiver Curves 549
16.3 Client Buffering 553
16.4 Adaptive Media Playout 556
16.5 Signal Processing for Adaptive Media Playout 564
16.6 Playout Speed Control Mechanisms 569
16.7 Adaptive Media Playout and Packet Path Diversity 573
16.8 Summary and Further Reading 574
References 575
Part F: Advanced Topics 578
Chapter 17. Path Diversity for Media Streaming 580
17.1 Introduction 580
17.2 Building Blocks for Media Streaming 582
17.3 Benefits of Path Diversity 584
17.4 Multiple Description Coding 588
17.5 Design, Analysis, and Operation 598
17.6 Applications and Architectures 601
17.7 Summary and Further Reading 608
References 608
Chapter 18. Distributed Video Coding and Its Applications 612
18.1 Introduction 612
18.2 Conventional Video Coding Background 614
18.3 Background on Source Coding with Side Information 615
18.4 Architectural Goals of PRISM 623
18.5 A Theory for Distributed Video Coding 625
18.6 PRISM: Encoding 634
18.7 PRISM: Decoding 640
18.8 Simulation Results 642
18.9 Summary and Further Reading 646
References 649
Chapter 19. Infrastructure-Based Streaming Media Overlay Networks 654
19.1 Introduction 654
19.2 Capabilities of a Streaming Media Overlay 660
19.3 Architecture and Design Principles 671
19.4 Advanced Topics 675
19.5 Media Overlay Uses and Benefits 679
19.6 Summary and Further Reading 686
References 688
Index 692