Electrical Power System Essentials (eBook)

P. H. Schavemaker, Electrical Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5031, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands Pieter H. Schavemaker is currently an Assistant Professor in the Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science at Delft University of Technology. He has been with the Power Systems Laboratory since 1996, and obtained his PhD in Electrical Engineering in 2002. He teaches courses on power systems analysis to undergraduate electrical engineering students, and has a number of years' experience teaching students and giving courses to people in industry. He has also worked in industry with ABB (The Netherlands) in the field of substation control systems, and he is now working on research projects for Tennet, the Dutch technical standards organization. In 2004 he won the Prize Paper Award (along with L. van der Sluis) from the Power Engineering Education Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society, and his research interests include power system transients and power system calculations. Lou van der Sluis, Electrical Power Systems, Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5031, 2600 GA Delft, The Netherlands Lou van der Sluis is currently a Professor in the Power Systems Department at the Delft University of Technology. Along with Professor Schavemaker, he teaches power systems analysis to undergraduate students, and also tutors practitioners working in the power systems industry. He has authored the book Transients in Power Systems which was published by Wiley in 2001, and won the Prize Paper Award (with P. Schavemaker) from the Power Engineering Education Committee of the IEEE Power Engineering Society. He is a senior member of IEEE and convener of CC-03 of Cigre. His research interests include analyzing the transient recovery voltages in medium and high voltage networks.

Preface.

1. Introduction to Power System Analysis.

1.1 Introduction.

1.2 Scope of the Material.

1.3 General Characteristics of Power Systems.

1.4 Phasors.

1.5 Equivalent Line-To-Neutral Diagrams.

1.6 Power in Single-phase Circuits.

1.7 Power in Three-phase Circuits.

1.8 Per Unit Normalization.

1.9 Power System Structure.

2. The Generation of Electric Energy.

2.1 Introduction.

2.2 Thermal Power Plants.

2.3 Nuclear Power Plants.

2.4 Renewable Energy.

2.5 The Synchronous Machine.

3. The Transmission of Electric Energy.

3.1 Introduction.

3.2 Transmission and Distribution Network.

3.3 Network Structures.

3.4 Substations.

3.5 Substation Concepts.

3.6 Protection of Transmission And Distribution Networks.

3.7 Transformers.

3.8 Power Carriers.

4. The Utilization of Electric Energy.

4.1 Introduction.

4.2 Types of Load.

4.3 Classification of Grid Users.

5. Power System Control.

5.1 Introduction.

5.2 Basics of Power System Control.

5.3 Active Power and Frequency Control.

5.4 Voltage Control and Reactive Power.

5.5 Control of Transported Power.

5.6 Flexible AC Transmission Systems (FACTS).

6. Energy Management Systems.

6.1 Introduction.

6.2 Loadflow or Power Flow Computation.

6.3 Optimal Powerflow.

6.4 State Estimator.

7. Electricity Markets.

7.1 Introduction.

7.2 Electricity Market Structure.

7.3 Market Clearing.

7.4 Social Welfare.

7.5 Market Coupling.

8. Future Power Systems.

8.1 Introduction.

8.2 Renewable Energy.

8.3 Decentralized Or Distributed Generation.

8.4 Power-electronic Interfaces.

8.5 Energy Storage.

8.6 Blackouts and Chaotic Phenomena.

Appendices.

A. Maxwell's Laws.

A.1 Introduction.

A.2 Power Series Approach To Time-varying Fields.

A.3 Quasi-Static Field Of A Parallel-plate Capacitor.

A.4 Quasi-Static Field Of A Single-turn Inductor.

A.5 Quasi-Static Field Of A Resistor.

A.6 Circuit Modeling.

B. Power Transformer Model.

B.1 Introduction.

B.2 The Ideal Transformer.

B.3 Magnetically-Coupled Coils.

B.4 The Non-ideal Transformer.

B.5 Three-phase Transformer.

C. Synchronous Machine Model.

C.1 Introduction.

C.2 The Primitive Synchronous Machine.

C.3 The Single-phase Synchronous Machine.

C.4 The Three-phase Synchronous Machine.

C.5 Synchronous Generator In The Power System.

D Induction Machine Model.

D.1 Introduction.

D.2 The Basic Principle of The Induction Machine.

D.3 The Magnetic Field In The Air-Gap.

D.4 A Simple Circuit Model For The Induction Machine.

D.5 Induction Motor In The Power System.

E. The Representation of Lines And Cables.

E.1 Introduction.

E.2 The Long Transmission Line.

E.3 The Medium-length Transmission Line.

E.4 The Short Transmission Line.

E.5 Comparison of The Three Line Models.

E.6 The Underground Cable.

References.

List of Abbreviations.

List of Symbols.

Index.