Due to their continuing role in electricity generation, it is important that coal power plants operate as efficiently and cleanly as possible. Coal Power Plant Materials and Life Assessment reviews the materials used in coal plants, and how they can be assessed and managed to optimize plant operation. Part I considers the structural alloys used in coal plants. Part II then reviews performance modelling and life assessment techniques, explains the inspection and life-management approaches that can be adopted to optimize long term plant operation, and considers the technical and economic issues involved in meeting variable energy demands.
- Summarizes key research on coal-fired power plant materials, their behavior under operational loads, and approaches to life assessment and defect management
- Details the range of structural alloys used in coal power plants, and the life assessment techniques applicable to defect-free components under operational loads
- Reviews the life assessment techniques applicable to components containing defects and the approaches that can be adopted to optimize plant operation and new plant and component design
Due to their continuing role in electricity generation, it is important that coal power plants operate as efficiently and cleanly as possible. Coal Power Plant Materials and Life Assessment reviews the materials used in coal plants, and how they can be assessed and managed to optimize plant operation. Part I considers the structural alloys used in coal plants. Part II then reviews performance modelling and life assessment techniques, explains the inspection and life-management approaches that can be adopted to optimize long term plant operation, and considers the technical and economic issues involved in meeting variable energy demands. Summarizes key research on coal-fired power plant materials, their behavior under operational loads, and approaches to life assessment and defect management Details the range of structural alloys used in coal power plants, and the life assessment techniques applicable to defect-free components under operational loads Reviews the life assessment techniques applicable to components containing defects and the approaches that can be adopted to optimize plant operation and new plant and component design
Cover
1
Coal Power Plant Materials and Life Assessment: Developments and Applications 4
Copyright
5
Contents 6
Contributor contact details 12
Woodhead Publishing Series in Energy 16
Part I:
20
1:
22
1.1 Introduction 22
1.2 Chemical compositions, heat treatments and microstructure 23
1.3 Estimation of longterm creep strength 32
1.4 Microstructure evolution 50
1.5 Degradation in welded joints: type IV fracture 57
1.6 Creep–fatigue properties 61
1.7 Steam oxidation and exfoliation of oxide scale 61
1.8 Sources of further information and advice 64
1.9 References 65
2:
71
2.1 Introduction 71
2.2 Chemical composition and alloy design of Grade 92 steel 72
2.3 The manufacturing process and microstructure 76
2.4 Physical properties 77
2.5 Other mechanical properties of Grade 92 steel 80
2.6 Creep rupture and strain properties 84
2.7 Optimizing the chemical composition for creep rupture strength of Grade 92 steel 89
2.8 Equilibrium phase diagram of Grade 92 steel 101
2.9 Continuous cooling rate transformation diagram (CCT diagram) 102
2.10 Field test record 102
2.11 Production records 103
2.12 References 104
3:
106
3.1 Introduction 106
3.2 Developments in low alloy steels 106
3.3 The metallurgy of low alloy steels 109
3.4 Welding and weld performance 113
3.5 Service and lifetime properties 120
3.6 Fabrication issues 121
3.7 Conclusion 123
3.8 References 124
4:
126
4.1 Introduction 126
4.2 Metallurgy of low alloy creepresisting steels 127
4.3 Low alloy steels used for other components 133
4.4 History of the use of low alloy steels 135
4.5 Properties of low alloy steels 138
4.6 Design stress values for low alloy steels 141
4.7 Hightemperature properties of welds 142
4.8 Conclusion 143
4.9 References 143
5:
146
5.1 Introduction 146
5.2 Creep strength 147
5.3 Modelling of creep strength 154
5.4 Conclusion 161
5.5 References 162
6:
166
6.1 Introduction 166
6.2 Development of nickelbase alloys 167
6.3 Critical components 169
6.4 Materials testing programmes 170
6.5 Candidate alloys 173
6.6 Properties of the candidate alloys 179
6.7 Conclusion and future trends 184
6.8 References 184
Part II:
188
7:
190
7.1 Introduction 190
7.2 Data collection 192
7.3 Fundamental techniques and data collation 204
7.4 Data analysis and life assessment 207
7.5 Modelling performance and life assessment 211
7.6 Application towards improving service life 212
7.7 Advantages and limitations of approaches 214
7.8 Emerging trends 214
7.9 References 216
8:
218
8.1 Introduction 218
8.2 Residual life evaluation techniques 221
8.3 Defect assessment procedures 233
8.4 Monitoring 238
8.5 Future trends 240
8.6 Sources of further information and advice 246
8.7 References 246
9:
248
9.1 Introduction 248
9.2 Experimental determination of hightemperature crack initiation and growth 249
9.3 Analysis of crack data 258
9.4 Crack initiation 261
9.5 Crack growth 270
9.6 Conclusion 279
9.7 References 280
9.8 Appendix: nomenclature 283
10:
284
10.1 Introduction 284
10.2 Fundamentals of riskbased life management of boilers 286
10.3 Example of a maintenance strategy for a tube bank 292
10.4 Example of problems with repeated measurements 296
10.5 Management of creepaffected components 298
10.6 Management of creep cracks 300
10.7 References 302
10.8 Appendix 1: a background to risk 303
10.9 Appendix 2: riskbased inspection (RBI) 304
11:
307
11.1 Introduction 307
11.2 Basic principles and requirements for Risk-based Inspection (RBI) in CWA 15740:2008 309
11.3 Risk-based Inspection and Maintenance Procedures for European Industry (RIMAP) procedure 312
11.4 Requirements for Probability of Failure (PoF) analysis 315
11.5 PoF and damage/failure rates data 317
11.6 RIMAP method for determination of PoF 318
11.7 Practical application of the approach 325
11.8 Conclusion 333
11.9 References 334
12: Preservation of power plant boilers/heat recovery steam generators (HRSGs) during shortand longterm shutdowns
337
12.1 Introduction 337
12.2 Layup monitoring and maintenance 340
12.3 Dry storage 344
12.4 Wet storage 346
12.5 Water treatment plant and cooling water systems 349
12.6 Other parts of power plants/combined cycle gas turbines (CCGTs) 351
12.7 Conclusion 351
12.8 Sources of further information and advice 351
12.9 Reference 351
13:
352
13.1 Introduction 352
13.2 UK experience with twoshifting 353
13.3 Commercial reasons for cyclic operation/ twoshifting 355
13.4 Failure mechanisms and implications for key components 357
13.5 Miscellaneous issues 373
13.6 Conclusion 376
13.7 References 376
14:
377
14.1 Introduction 377
14.2 Historical background 378
14.3 Componentlevel engineering studies 380
14.4 Plantand unitlevel studies 384
14.5 Statistical studies 386
14.6 Cost of cycling estimates 389
14.7 The Irish single electricity market study 393
14.8 Conclusion 404
14.9 References 405
Index 408
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| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 24.7.2014 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Technik ► Elektrotechnik / Energietechnik |
| ISBN-10 | 0-85709-732-6 / 0857097326 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-85709-732-3 / 9780857097323 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
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