Antenna Design for Mobile Devices (eBook)

Title Page 5
Copyright Page 6
Contents 9
About the Author 12
Preface 13
Acknowledgments 14
Abbreviations 15
Chapter 1 Introduction 17
1.1 The Evolution of Mobile Antennas 18
1.2 How to Quantitatively Evaluate an Antenna 26
1.3 The Limits of Antenna Designs 28
1.4 The Trade-Offs in Antenna Designs 30
1.5 Mobile Communication and Band Allocations 32
1.6 Quickly Building a Simple Antenna—a Practical Example 34
References 43
Chapter 2 Antenna Matching 44
2.1 The Smith Chart 45
2.2 Single-Band Matching 49
2.2.1 Matching with Lumped Elements 49
2.2.2 Different Ways to Accomplish a Single-Band Matching 52
2.2.3 Matching with Both Transmission Line and Lumped Elements 55
2.2.4 Bandwidth Consideration 58
2.3 Dual-Band Matching 66
2.4 Reconfigurable Matching 71
2.4.1 Reconfigurable Matching—Varactor-Based 71
2.4.2 Reconfigurable Matching—Switch-Based 76
References 79
Chapter 3 External Antenna 81
3.1 Stubby Antennas 82
3.1.1 Single-Band Helix Stubby Antenna 83
3.1.2 Multiband Helix Stubby Antenna 102
3.1.3 Ultra-Wideband Stubby Antenna 125
3.2 Whip–Stubby (Retractable) Antenna 133
3.2.1 Decoupled Whip–Stubby Antenna 135
3.2.2 Semi-Decoupled Whip–Stubby Antenna 137
3.3 Meander Line Stubby Antenna 142
3.4 Effect of Ground Plane 147
References 152
Chapter 4 Internal Antenna 154
4.1 Inverted-F Antenna 157
4.2 Planar IFA 162
4.2.1 Single?Band PIFA 162
4.2.2 Multiband PIFA Antenna with Slits 165
4.2.3 Multiband PIFA with Separate Branches 173
4.2.4 Multiband PIFA with Parasitic Element 174
4.2.5 Manufacturing PIFA Antenna 175
4.3 Folded Monopole Antenna 179
4.4 Loop Antenna 183
4.5 Ceramic Antenna 188
4.5.1 Monopole-Type Ceramic Antenna 189
4.5.2 IFA-Type Ceramic Antenna 192
4.5.3 Loop-Type Ceramic Antenna 193
4.6 Slot Antenna 195
4.7 Design a Hepta-Band Antenna with Multiple Radiators and Multiple Modes 201
4.8 Design a Reconfigurable Hepta?Band Antenna 207
4.9 MIMO Antennas 216
4.9.1 Explaining Capacity Boost Effect Through the Antenna Point of View 216
4.9.2 Antenna Correlation and Antenna Isolation 223
4.9.3 Improve Isolation Between Antennas 225
4.10 Antennas in Recently Released Phones 227
4.10.1 Entry-Level Phone 227
4.10.2 Flagship Phone 237
References 242
Chapter 5 Antenna Measurement 245
5.1 Passive Antenna Measurement 245
5.1.1 Measurement on a Vector Network Analyzer 245
5.1.2 Fixture 250
5.1.3 Passive Chamber Measurement 262
5.2 Active Antenna (Over the Air) Measurement 269
5.2.1 EIRP, ERP, and TRP 269
5.2.2 EIS and TIS 272
5.2.3 Sensitivity Degradation Due to Interference 275
5.3 Antenna Measurements in the Production Line 278
5.4 Multiple Input and Multiple Output Antenna Test 287
References 291
Chapter 6 Regulations Related to Antenna Engineers 292
6.1 Specific Absorption Rate 292
6.1.1 Definition and Measurement Method of SAR 293
6.1.2 SAR Limits in the United States and Europe 299
6.1.3 Controlling SAR 301
6.1.4 Updates on SAR requirement 310
6.2 Hearing Aid Compatibility 312
6.2.1 HAC Measurement 312
6.2.2 HAC Specification in the United States 315
6.2.3 Updates on HAC Requirement 319
6.3 Electromagnetic Compatibility 320
References 321
Appendix: User Manual for ZJ_Antenna_Matching Software 323
Index 330
EULA 334